1. Guidelines for Good Writing

2. Be Clear All public writing is an attempt to communicate with other people. Your readers need to be able to understand what you are saying. If a sentence or paragraph confuses you, your readers will certainly be confused.

3. Use Active Voice The active voice (Tommy hit the ball.) is more clear and direct than the passive (The ball was hit by Tommy). Wherever possible, change the passive voice to the active.

4. Cut Unnecessary Words Get rid of repetitive words and phrases. In the sentence, The coach yelled and screamed at the players, the words yelled and screamed are redundant. Cut one of the words.

5. Use the Right Words Make sure you use words that others will understand. Sally was a loquacious, indeed verbose, individual with a propensity toward excessive verbiage is not nearly as effective as Sally was a chatterbox.

6. Combine Choppy Sentences Combining sentences enables you to make your writing smoother. You will also be able to say what you want in fewer words. I like cake. I like ice cream. I like cake and ice cream.

7. Do not Confuse Similar Words Here is a list of word pairs that are often confused. Note the different meanings in each word pair.

8. Accept and Except I can’t accept (admit to) the notion that only men can be soldiers. Everyone went to dinner except (but) Paul.

9. Affect and Effect Bobby was deeply affected (influenced) by his older brother’s speech. What was the effect (result) of the flood in Youngstown?

10. Already and All Ready Joe had already (by this time) returned from P.E. when the fight started. Are you all ready (everyone set) to go to the concert?

11. Farther and Further George can run farther (distance) than John can. The further (time) we discussed the issue, the angrier we become.

12. Sentence Variety There are four types of sentences: Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

13. Clauses Independent: An independent clause contains a subject, a verb, and expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. Some students attend tutoring Dependent: A dependent clause can be joined to an independent clause add to the complete thought. because they care about their grades

14. Simple Sentence A simple sentence contains one independent clause. Mrs. Dauphin tutors. Mrs. Dauphin tutors English after school on Tuesdays.

15. Compound Sentences Compound sentences are made up of two or more independents clauses and no dependent clauses. These ID clauses are joined together by either a semicolon or a coordinating conjunction. (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Remember that if you use the CC it must have a comma before the conjunction.

16. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. When we visited the zoo, I saw a camel.

17. Compound Complex Compound complex sentences contain two or more independent clauses and two or more dependent clauses. When we visited the zoo, I saw an elephant, and I paid two dollars to ride because I wanted to see if it was scary.

18. Free Advice Make sure subjects and verbs agree Alot is not a word Do not use contractions Do not use personal pronouns (I) Avoid clichés No symbols, signs, or numeric numbers

19. Essay Evaluation Five paragraphs 2 points Thesis statement2 points Topic sentences3 points Supporting detail5 points Restating Thesis1 points Restating TS3 points Neat and Legible4 points This total 100 points

20. Essay Evaluation After I have given all the points for elements of An essay, I will then begin to deduct for errors In grammar and spelling. Each error, if continuous, will count two points each. These Points will be deducted from your total score Earned from essay elements.

21. Essay Evaluation For example: If you earn a total of 90 points for the essay elements, but you lose 6 points for errors in grammar, your score will be an 84 for your final grade.