1. Welcome to MM570 Psychological Statistics Unit 1 Seminar Unit 1 Seminar Instructor: Roman Zrotowski Instructor: Roman Zrotowski

2. Chapter 1: Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

3. The Two Branches of Statistical Methods  Descriptive statistics – Summarize/organize scores from a research study  Inferential statistics – Draw conclusions/make inferences that go beyond the scores from a research study Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

4. Basic Concepts  Variable – A characteristic that can have different values  Value – A possible number or category that a score can have  Score – A particular person’s value on a variable Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

5. Levels of Measurement  Numeric (quantitative) variable – Equal-interval variables e.g., GPA e.g., GPA – Rank-order (ordinal) variables e.g., class rank e.g., class rank  Nominal (categorical) variables – e.g., gender Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

6. Frequency Tables  Provide a listing of individuals having each of the different values for a particular variable.  e.g., stress ratings of 30 students: 8,7,4,10,8,6,8,9,9,7,3,7,6,5,0,9,10,7,7,3,6,7,5,2,1,6,7, 10,8,8 10,8,8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

7. Steps for Making a Frequency Table Make a list down the page of each possible value, from lowest to highest Make a list down the page of each possible value, from lowest to highest Go one by one through the scores, making a mark for each next to its value on the list Go one by one through the scores, making a mark for each next to its value on the list Make a table showing how many times each value on the list is used Make a table showing how many times each value on the list is used Figure the percentage of scores for each value Figure the percentage of scores for each value Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

8. A Frequency Table Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

9. Grouped Frequency Table  A frequency table that uses intervals Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

10. Frequency Graphs  Histogram Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

11. Shapes of Frequency Distributions  Unimodal, bimodal, and rectangular Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

12. Shapes of Frequency Distributions  Symmetrical and skewed distributions Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

13. Shapes of Frequency Distributions  Normal and kurtotic distributions Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

14. Controversies and Limitations of Graphs  Failure to use equal interval sizes  Exaggeration of proportions Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

15. Questions to Ask When Looking at Data and/or Graphs Is the information presented correctly? Is the information presented correctly? Is the graph trying to influence you? Is the graph trying to influence you? Does the scale use a regular interval? Does the scale use a regular interval? What impression is the graph giving you? What impression is the graph giving you?

16. Why is this graph misleading? This title tells the reader what to think (that there are huge increases in price). The actual increase in price is 2,000 pounds, which is less than a 3% increase. The graph shows the second bar as being 3 times the size of the first bar, which implies a 300% increase in price. The scale moves from 0 to 80,000 in the same amount of space as 80,000 to 81,000.

17. A more accurate graph: An unbiased title A scale with a regular interval. This shows a more accurate picture of the increase.

18. Why is this graph misleading? The scale does not have a regular interval.

19. This is unit 1 seminar Instructor: Zrotowski Course: MM570 Section 2 Course Title: Applied Psychological Statistics Course Title: Applied Psychological Statistics Credit Hours: 5 Prerequisites: Non e

20. Instructor Roman Roman Roman RZrotowski@kaplan.edu RZrotowski@kaplan.edu RZrotowski@kaplan.edu Seminar: Wednesday, 9:00 pm-10:00 pm ET Seminar: Wednesday, 9:00 pm-10:00 pm ET

21. Textbook Textbook Title: Statistics for Psychology Title: Statistics for Psychology Author: Aron, Aron, & Coups Author: Aron, Aron, & Coups ISBN: 0136010571 ISBN: 0136010571 Publisher: Pearson/Prentice-Hall Publisher: Pearson/Prentice-Hall

22. Relate to the book inside covers: inside covers: (a) math concepts (b) stat procedures Student intro, pXVI Student intro, pXVI each chapter content: quizzes, examples, margins, pictures, tables, topics/subtopics, steps, explanations, each chapter content: quizzes, examples, margins, pictures, tables, topics/subtopics, steps, explanations, End of chapter: summary, terms, examples, problems, SPSS, notes, End of chapter: summary, terms, examples, problems, SPSS, notes,

23. Required Software SPSS Student Version 20.0 SPSS Student Version 20.0 Lots of help available Lots of help available

24. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course provides students the foundation for understanding and performing statistical analyses of data, with applications to psychological research. Topics include distributions, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, tests of hypotheses, and analysis of variance techniques. Students will perform statistical tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] and interpret those results. SPSS is required for this course. This course provides students the foundation for understanding and performing statistical analyses of data, with applications to psychological research. Topics include distributions, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, tests of hypotheses, and analysis of variance techniques. Students will perform statistical tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] and interpret those results. SPSS is required for this course.

25. Unit 1: What to do? Introduce Yourself Introduce Yourself Reading Reading Seminar Seminar Discussion Discussion Announcements, Syllabus, etc Announcements, Syllabus, etc

26. Assessments AssessmentsNumberPoints each Total Points AssessmentsNumberPoints each Total Points Discussions950 450 Discussions950 450 Projects4 550 Projects4 550 Total Points 1000 Points Total Points 1000 Points projects (and other assignments) are due by 11:59 PM ET on Tuesday projects (and other assignments) are due by 11:59 PM ET on Tuesday

28. DISCUSSION BOARDS DISCUSSION BOARDS Discussion questions Discussion questions Ask and answer subquestions Ask and answer subquestions About the course material About the course material Share knowledge Share knowledge References and originality References and originality Initial posts Initial posts Responses Responses Number and timing Number and timing

29. NETIQUETTE Capital letters, etc Capital letters, etc Balance short and to the point with clarity Balance short and to the point with clarity Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and composition Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and composition Be constructive, respectful, positive, Be constructive, respectful, positive, Read posts Read posts Post of the week: two views Post of the week: two views