1. Basics of Tissue Injury Chapter 2

2. Soft Tissue Injury AKA wounds When the tissue is injured it may bleed, become inflamed or produce extra fluid

3. Sprains and Strains Wounds that bleed internally, which may cause a fluid buildup Sprains: Strains: –1 st Degree: –2 nd Degree: –3 rd Degree: Nerve Injuries: –Loss of sensation and movement –Stretching can cause extreme pain –Long healing time

4. Types of Soft Tissue Injuries Incision: Abrasion: Contusion: AKA Bruise Laceration:

5. Types of Soft Tissue Injuries Avulsion: Amputation: Puncture: Contrecoup:

6. Stages of Soft Tissue Injury Stage I: Acute Inflammatory –Lasts about 2 days –Increased flow of blood to injured area brings cells & chemicals to start the healing process Phagocytes: Leukocytes: Platelets:

7. Stages of Soft Tissue Injury Stage II: Repair –Lasts 6 weeks to 3 months –Fibroblasts: Form the scar Recovery time depends on extent of injury

8. Stages of Soft Tissue Injury Stage III: Remodeling –Can take 1 year or longer –Building tissue strength in tendons, ligaments & muscles to withstand the sress applied to the body during activity

9. Factors to Healing Time Degree of injury Location Blood Supply Age Nutrition Illnesses Medications Infections Scar Tissue Size of Wound Return to Play too early

10. Bone Injuries Dislocation: Subluxation: Fracture:

11. Fracture Healing The bone has been compromised and weakened Splint/cast for 6-8 weeks Sometimes an athlete can be splinted & resume play

12. Fracture Healing Stage I: Acute –Lasts about 4 days –Osteoclasts: –Osteoblasts:

13. Fracture Healing Stage II: Repair –Osteoclasts & osteoblasts continue to regenerate bone –A callus is formed: Boney splint that extends internally & externally to hold the bony ends together Eventually turns into a sleeve of hard callus bone –Callus turns to bone at about week 3 and continues for 3 months –In most cases, after 6 weeks the athlete can return to play with protection

14. Fracture Healing Stage III: Remodeling –Takes several years to complete –Callus is reabsorbed & replaced with a fibrous cord which surrounds the fracture site Non-union: