1. LOGAN POTTS AND CHRISTINE RINDFLEISCH The Effect of Whole Milk vs. Powdered Milk

2. Barn Setup Stacey Original Free Stall Midnight Rambo Smalls Tarantula

3. ALL CALVES GIVEN: All distributed morning and night ½ bucket fresh water Fresh bedding of straw for comfort Fresh grain (varying amounts from (1/4 bucket to 1/3) Based on date of birth and weight *** COLOSTRUM: MILK FROM A COW FROM HER FIRST THREE DAYS AFTER CALVING Always…

4. BORN: 4-25-15 FED: POWDER STARTING WEIGHT: TOO SMALL TO BE MEASURED FOR WEIGHT ACTIVITY: SEEMS QUIET THROUGHOUT FIRST 3 DAYS (MAY 19-21) FIRST WEEK GIVEN 4 CUPS WATER, 1 CUP POWDER MIXED HAS TROUBLE DRINKING FROM BUCKET (FOR OLDER CALVES) Succeeds with drinking from the bottle DOESN’T EAT VERY QUICKLY ENJOYS SLEEPING IN THE MORNING GETS ¼ BUCKET OF GRAIN Doesn’t always eat much of her grain Tarantula

6. BORN: 4-21-15 FED: WHOLE STARTING WEIGHT: 92 POUNDS ACTIVITY: FIRST WEEK GOT 4 ½ CUPS OF WHOLE MILK ALWAYS SEEMS HYPER, ENERGETIC, BOUNCY TYPICALLY ONLY EATS ABOUT HALF OF HER GRAIN BUCKET STARTED TO CHEW HER CUD FOR THE FIRST TIME (ADULT COW) ADDED 3 CUPS OF COLOSTRUM TO WHOLE MILK ON (20 TH ) She ate with more gusto GETS 1/4 BUCKET OF GRAIN EVERY MORNING AND NIGHT Smalls

7. = Grain Bucket Bucket of Whole Milk

8. BORN:4-18-15 FED: WHOLE STARTING WEIGHT: 164 POUNDS ACTIVITY: GETS 5 CUPS OF WHOLE MILK USUALLY AWAKE TENDS TO EAT MAJORITY OF GRAIN Given 1/3 cup of grain every morning and night COUGHED A COUPLE TIMES Rambo

9. Rambo getting her evening straw for bedtime

10. Midnight BORN: 4-17-15 FED: POWDER STARTING WEIGHT: 144 POUNDS ACTIVITY: DRINKS VERY QUICKLY SEEMS QUIET BUT ALWAYS WANTS ATTENTION RECEIVES 4 CUPS OF WATER MIXED WITH 1 CUP OF POWDER GIVEN 1/3 BUCKET OF GRAIN TENDS TO EAT ALL OF GRAIN

12. Midnight getting her straw in the morning

13. Stacey BORN:5-11-15 FED: WHOLE STARTING WEIGHT: 97 POUNDS ACTIVITY: GIVEN 1/8 BUCKET OF GRAIN RECEIVED 3 CUPS COLOSTRUM 1 ½ CUPS OF WATER (21-22) SOCIABLE, OUTGOING DRANK FROM BUCKET EASILY FED EXTREMELY TIMID AT FIRST WHEN BORN, NOW COMPLETE OPPOSITE TENDS TO EAT MOST OF HER GRAIN

14. Stacey getting her grain

15. Original BORN: 5-15-15 FED: POWDER STARTING WEIGHT: 120 POUNDS ACTIVITY: GIVEN 4 CUPS OF WATER, 1 CUP POWDER GIVEN A BOTTLE 5/6 DAYS SINCE SHE IS YOUNG RECEIVES 1/8 BUCKET OF GRAIN ALWAYS HYPER AND SEEKS ATTENTION DRANK BOTTLE VERY EASILY TENDS TO EAT HALF OF HER GRAIN

16. Original

17. WEIGHT CHANGES FROM WEEK 1: TARANTULA: 29 INCHES TO 33 INCHES (GAINED 3 INCHES) SMALLS: 92 LBS TO 97 LBS (GAINED 5 LBS) RAMBO: 164 LBS TO 191 LBS (GAINED 27 LBS) MIDNIGHT: 144 LBS TO 164 LBS (GAINED 20 LBS) STACEY: 97 LBS TO 120 LBS (GAINED 23 LBS) ORIGINAL: 120 LBS TO 126 (GAINED 6 LBS) SMALLS, RAMBO, AND STACEY GAINED THE MOST WEIGHT OF THE PAIRS Week 2 (May 24- 31)

18. WEIGHT CHANGES FROM WEEK 2: TARANTULA: 83 LBS TO 86 LBS (GAINED 3 LBS) SMALLS: 97 LBS TO 110 LBS (GAINED 13 LBS) RAMBO: 191 LBS TO 204 LBS (GAINED 13 LBS) MIDNIGHT: 164 LBS TO 184 LBS (GAINED 20 LBS) STACEY: 120 LBS TO 126 LBS (GAINED 6 LBS) ORIGINAL: 126 LBS TO 132 (GAINED 6 LBS) SMALLS AND MIDNIGHT GAINED THE MOST WEIGHT OF THE PAIRS STACEY AND ORIGINAL TIED WITH WEIGHT GAIN Week 3 (June 1-8)

19. WEIGHT CHANGES FROM WEEK 3: TARANTULA: 86 LBS TO 91 LBS (GAINED 5 LBS) SMALLS: 110 LBS TO 138 LBS (GAINED 28 LBS) RAMBO: 204 LBS TO 236 LBS (GAINED 32 LBS) MIDNIGHT: 184 LBS TO 191 LBS (GAINED 7 LBS) STACEY: 126 LBS TO 164 LBS (GAINED 38 LBS) ORIGINAL: 132 LBS TO 151 (GAINED 19 LBS) SMALLS, RAMBO, AND STACEY GAINED THE MOST WEIGHT OF THE PAIRS Final Weights

20. TARANTULA- 12% GAIN (POWDERED) SMALLS- 33% GAIN (WHOLE) RAMBO- 31% GAIN (WHOLE) MIDNIGHT- 25% GAIN (POWDERED) STACEY- 41% GAIN (POWDERED) ORIGINAL- 21% GAIN (WHOLE) **THOSE WHO WERE ON WHOLE MILK GAINED BETWEEN 21% AND 33% RATHER THAN 12% AND 25% Percentage Gain Lbs gained Final Weight

21. WHOLE MILK (STACEY, RAMBO, SMALLS) $16.00 FOR 100 LBS = $0.16 PER 1 POUND FEED 12 LBS A DAY $1.92 PER DAY POWDERED MILK (ORIGINAL, MIDNIGHT, TARANTULA) $150.00 FOR 100 LBS =$0.67 PER 1 POUND FEED 1.25 LBS A DAY = $0.83 PER DAY Financial Stats

22. WE HAVE CONCLUDED FROM THE EVIDENCE IN WEIGHT GAIN THAT WHOLE MILK IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE CHOICE IN TERMS OF FEEDING YOUNG CALVES. STACEY, RAMBO, AND SMALLS ALL SHOWED HIGHER INCREASES IN WEIGHT GAIN IN THEIR MATCHED PAIRS BASED ON WHEN THEY WERE BORN (ALL ON WHOLE MILK). THEY ALSO SHOWED HIGHER PERCENTAGES IN WEIGHT GAIN. ALTHOUGH FEEDING POWDERED MILK IS MORE COST EFFICIENT IT DOES NOT SHOW TO HELP THE CALVES GROW AT A FASTER RATE. Conclusion

23. THE END