1. Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering Peter Gevorkian Brevard Community College ETP1401 Bruce Hesher Ch 5: LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

2. Energy Use and Environment In ancient times, fire was the most significant man made pollution source. Most energy was from non-polluting sources such as moving water, wind, and animal power. When the industrial revolution arrived fossil fuels began to be used for energy. Also population increased dramatically. Pollution and large transfers of money for energy resulted.

3. Energy and Production Most manufacturing is powered by electricity made from fossil fuels. Material production from raw materials requires more processing/energy than from recycled materials. Products made from recycled materials such as plastic, wood, water, paper, and metals require less energy, create less pollution, and cost less. Products made from recycled materials such as plastic, wood, water, paper, and metals require less energy, create less pollution, and cost less. Many construction building products are made from recycled materials. Many construction building products are made from recycled materials.

4. Office Buildings Buildings consume 40% of our energy 1. Although no one building type dominates the commercial buildings sector, office buildings are the most common and account for more than 800,000 buildings or 17 percent of total commercial buildings. Offices comprise more than 12 billion square feet of floor space, 17 percent of total commercial floor space, the most of any building type. Buildings consume 40% of our energy 1. Although no one building type dominates the commercial buildings sector, office buildings are the most common and account for more than 800,000 buildings or 17 percent of total commercial buildings. Offices comprise more than 12 billion square feet of floor space, 17 percent of total commercial floor space, the most of any building type. 1 Office buildings consume 360 billion KWH annually. Office buildings consume 360 billion KWH annually.

5. Chronology U.S. Federal Government - 1776 The Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787 Department of Energy: Formed August 8, 1977 in response to the energy crisis (Arab oil embargo of 1973). U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Founded in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) The USGBC’s LEED green building certification system is the preeminent program for rating the design, construction and operation of green buildings.

6. USGBC The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization committed to a prosperous and sustainable future for our nation through cost- efficient and energy-saving green buildings. The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization committed to a prosperous and sustainable future for our nation through cost- efficient and energy-saving green buildings.501(c)(3) See USGBC. USGBC USGBC works toward its mission of market transformation through its LEED green building certification program, robust educational offerings, a nationwide network of chapters and affiliates, the annual Greenbuild International Conference & Expo, and advocacy in support of public policy that encourages and enables green buildings and communities. USGBC works toward its mission of market transformation through its LEED green building certification program, robust educational offerings, a nationwide network of chapters and affiliates, the annual Greenbuild International Conference & Expo, and advocacy in support of public policy that encourages and enables green buildings and communities.

7. State of California Green Building Action Plan An effort enacted by executive order via S-20-04 to reduce the cost of building operation. Applied to new state owned or operated buildings built and retrofits over 10K ft 2. Buildings are required to meet LEED silver rating or better. An effort enacted by executive order via S-20-04 to reduce the cost of building operation. Applied to new state owned or operated buildings built and retrofits over 10K ft 2. Buildings are required to meet LEED silver rating or better. All state government buildings are required to reduce grid purchases by 20% by 2025. All state government buildings are required to reduce grid purchases by 20% by 2025. Is it wise to mandate technological improvement ?

8. LEED The LEED® green building certification program is a voluntary, consensus-based national rating system for buildings designed, constructed and operated for improved environmental and human health performance. LEEDLEED addresses all building types and emphasizes state- of-the-art strategies in five areas: LEED sustainable site development, sustainable site development, water savings, water savings, energy efficiency, energy efficiency, materials and resources selection, materials and resources selection, indoor environmental quality. indoor environmental quality. See the LEED rating systems LEED rating systemsLEED rating systems

9. LEED Accredited Professional LEED Professional Credentials (LEED AP and Green Associate) recognize professionals who have demonstrated a thorough understanding of green building techniques, the LEED green building rating systems, and the certification process. LEED Professional Credentials (LEED AP and Green Associate) recognize professionals who have demonstrated a thorough understanding of green building techniques, the LEED green building rating systems, and the certification process. The LEED Professional Credentials program is administered by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI), which was established with the support of USGBC to allow for objective, balanced management of the credential program.

10. LEED Sustainable Site Credits p132 Prerequisites: Construction activity pollution prevention: Reduce top soil erosion and adverse impact to surrounding air & water quality. Construction activity pollution prevention: Reduce top soil erosion and adverse impact to surrounding air & water quality.Credits: Site Selection: Avoid sites that would cause negative environmental impact. Prime farm land, sites less than 5ft above sea level, etc. Site Selection: Avoid sites that would cause negative environmental impact. Prime farm land, sites less than 5ft above sea level, etc. Development Density: Preserve green fields by promoting high density urban areas. Development Density: Preserve green fields by promoting high density urban areas. Brownfield Redevelopment: Use & develop land that was previously contaminated. Brownfield Redevelopment: Use & develop land that was previously contaminated. Alternative Transportation: Reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. Alternative Transportation: Reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. Site Development: Preserve habitats and promote bio-diversity. Site Development: Preserve habitats and promote bio-diversity. Storm Water management: Prevent disruption of natural water flow. Storm Water management: Prevent disruption of natural water flow. Heat Island Effect: Reduce micro-climate effects between building and surrounding area. Heat Island Effect: Reduce micro-climate effects between building and surrounding area. Light pollution Reduction: Keep light limited to the site. Light pollution Reduction: Keep light limited to the site.

11. LEED Water Efficiency Measures Credits p134 Credits: Water-efficient Landscaping: Minimize use of potable water for landscaping purposes. Water-efficient Landscaping: Minimize use of potable water for landscaping purposes. Innovative Water Technologies: reduce demand for potable water. Innovative Water Technologies: reduce demand for potable water. Water Use Reduction: reduce water usage and demand on municipal water sources. Water Use Reduction: reduce water usage and demand on municipal water sources.

12. LEED Energy and Atmosphere Credits p135 Prerequisites: Fundamental commissioning of building energy systems. Verify project design goals. Fundamental commissioning of building energy systems. Verify project design goals. Minimum Energy Performance. Establish a minimum energy efficiency standard for the building. Minimum Energy Performance. Establish a minimum energy efficiency standard for the building. Fundamental refrigerant management. Reduce ozone depleting refrigerants. Fundamental refrigerant management. Reduce ozone depleting refrigerants.

13. LEED Energy and Atmosphere Credits p135 Credits: Optimize Energy Performance: Increase energy performance above the prerequisite standard in order to reduce environmental impacts. Optimize Energy Performance: Increase energy performance above the prerequisite standard in order to reduce environmental impacts. On-site Renewable Energy: Encourage use of sustainable and renewable energy. On-site Renewable Energy: Encourage use of sustainable and renewable energy. Additional Commissioning: An enforcement measure to verify that a building is constructed and performs within its expected parameters. Additional Commissioning: An enforcement measure to verify that a building is constructed and performs within its expected parameters. Enhanced Refrigerant Management: Involve installation of HVAC, refrigeration, and fire suppression equipment that does not use hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) agents. Enhanced Refrigerant Management: Involve installation of HVAC, refrigeration, and fire suppression equipment that does not use hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) agents. Measure and Verification: Optimize building energy consumption and provide a measure of accountability. Measure and Verification: Optimize building energy consumption and provide a measure of accountability. Green Power: Encourage purchase of power made from green sources. Green Power: Encourage purchase of power made from green sources.

14. LEED Material and Resources Credits p137 Prerequisites: Storage and Collection of Recyclables: Promote recycling of construction waste material. Storage and Collection of Recyclables: Promote recycling of construction waste material.Credits: Building Reuse: Promote reuse of materials already on-site. Building Reuse: Promote reuse of materials already on-site. Construction Waste Management: recycle demolition and land clearing materials. Construction Waste Management: recycle demolition and land clearing materials. Material Reuse: Use recycled materials for new construction. Material Reuse: Use recycled materials for new construction. Recycled Content: Recycled Content: Regional Materials: Promote use of locally made products. Regional Materials: Promote use of locally made products. Rapidly renewable Materials: Promote use of rapidly renewable materials. Rapidly renewable Materials: Promote use of rapidly renewable materials. Certified Wood: Promote use of wood as a construction material. Certified Wood: Promote use of wood as a construction material.

15. LEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits LEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits p139 Prerequisites: Minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Performance: To promote health and welfare of occupants. Minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Performance: To promote health and welfare of occupants. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control: Mandates dedicated smoking areas that remove the smoke from the building. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control: Mandates dedicated smoking areas that remove the smoke from the building. Daylight and Views: Daylight and Views:

16. LEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits p139 Credits: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring: Monitor and notify if air quality deteriorates. Increased Ventilation: Intended for HVAC systems to promote outdoor fresh air circulation. Construction (IAQ) air quality management plan: manage air quality during construction. Low emitting materials: Reduce indoor air contaminant from airborne particles. Indoor Chemical and Pollutant source Control: Prevent air and water contamination by pollutants. Controllability of Systems: Provide localized distributed control of ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting. Thermal Comfort: Measure and provide environmental comfort for occupants of building. Daylight and Views: Promote architectural space and maximum outdoor views and interior sunlight.

17. Greenbuild International Conference & Expo Greenbuild is the world’s largest conference and exposition dedicated to green building. Launched in 2002, it has quickly become the can’t-miss event for the green building industry. Each year, tens of thousands of professionals from all over the world are drawn to Greenbuild by outstanding educational sessions and speakers, green building tours, special seminars and networking events, and a huge exhibit hall featuring the newest products and technologies. Greenbuild is the world’s largest conference and exposition dedicated to green building. Launched in 2002, it has quickly become the can’t-miss event for the green building industry. Each year, tens of thousands of professionals from all over the world are drawn to Greenbuild by outstanding educational sessions and speakers, green building tours, special seminars and networking events, and a huge exhibit hall featuring the newest products and technologies. See http://www.greenbuildexpo.org/Home.aspx http://www.greenbuildexpo.org/Home.aspx

18. NREL LEED Platinum Plus Office Building In 2010 NREL in Golden Co. moved into their new LEED Platinum Plus office building. It is intended to save money through reduced operating costs and serve as a test lab for office building design. It has many innovations and a lot of building monitoring. In 2010 NREL in Golden Co. moved into their new LEED Platinum Plus office building. It is intended to save money through reduced operating costs and serve as a test lab for office building design. It has many innovations and a lot of building monitoring. Energy Efficient windows & siding on South facing wall Windows on North side designed to let in maximum light and keep heat in.

19. Employees are encouraged to use public transportation to & from work. Cars can be parked under building in winter but, in summer they are parked outside. Employees are encouraged to use public transportation to & from work. Cars can be parked under building in winter but, in summer they are parked outside. NREL LEED Platinum Plus Office Building Windows automatically darken in direct sunlight to keep heat out. Employees work in cubicles with low walls for better air circulation. Each person is allowed 75W total. LED lighting and low power laptops are used. Employees work in cubicles with low walls for better air circulation. Each person is allowed 75W total. LED lighting and low power laptops are used.

20. LA Audubon Center The Audubon Center at Debs Park in Los Angeles is a cutting-edge green building that is a model of sustainable architecture. It was certified as the nation’s first LEED Platinum building from the U.S. Green Building Council, the nation’s leading authority on sustainable building practices. Audubon Center at Debs ParkAudubon Center at Debs Park

21. TriCom Office Building p146 Once certified, The Tricom Building will be the first LEED certified building in Pasadena and sets an ambitious standard for energy and resource efficient commercial buildings. The Art Deco Design offers the comfort and amenities of executive offices as well as warehouse and showroom space. The Tricom Building anticipates receiving LEED certification by the U.S. Green Building Council. Tricom BuildingTricom Building

22. Warehouse Rochester New York (LEED gold rated facility) p147 Roof integrated solar panels: 23.1KW total DC fluorescent ballasts: 13.7KW used for lighting. rest of PV array power converted to AC for general rest of PV array power converted to AC for general use or sale back to utility. No inverter losses for use or sale back to utility. No inverter losses for lighting. lighting. Occupancy sensors: turn lights off when no one there. Daylight sensors: Drop power to lights from 1.1W/m 2 to 0.74W/m 2 when sky lights provide some natural light.

23. Water and Life Museum A LEED TM -rated Sustainable Project p151 Sustainable Sites: Built on Excess property from a dam construction. Small building footprint allows open land. Water Efficiency: Native vegetation and drip irrigation. Energy and Atmosphere: Low energy design (good use of shading etc. Mechanical System: Radiant flooring for both heating & cooling. Solar Power Generation: 549KW of PV on roof. Materials and Resources: Built using local and recycled construction materials. Innovation and Design Process: Museum teaches energy efficiency.

24. Hearst Tower New York p155 Built in 1927, remodeled in 2001. Retained 6 story façade of original building. Hearst Tower is the first green building completed in New York City, with a number of environmental considerations built into the plan. The floor of the atrium is paved with heat conductive limestone. Polyethylene tubing is embedded under the floor and filled with circulating water for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter. Rain collected on the roof is stored in a tank in the basement for use in the cooling system, to irrigate plants and for the water sculpture in the main lobby. The building was constructed using 80% recycled steel. Overall, the building has been designed to use 25% less energy than the minimum requirements for the city of New York. First building to receive LEED Gold certification from the USGBC. See LEED points checklist on pages 156 & 7. See LEED points checklist on pages 156 & 7. See pictures of Hearst Building online See pictures of Hearst Building onlinepictures of Hearst Building pictures of Hearst Building

25. Conclusion The main objective of LEED is a combination of energy-saving and environmental protection measures that are intended to minimize the adverse effects of construction and development. Some of the measures discussed represent a significant cost impact, the merits of which must be weighed and analyzed carefully. Architectural ideas for saving energy, making a healthy building, and protecting resources are shared. The main objective of LEED is a combination of energy-saving and environmental protection measures that are intended to minimize the adverse effects of construction and development. Some of the measures discussed represent a significant cost impact, the merits of which must be weighed and analyzed carefully. Architectural ideas for saving energy, making a healthy building, and protecting resources are shared. Except for government buildings in California, LEED is a voluntary program. Except for government buildings in California, LEED is a voluntary program.