1. Subordinate Clauses

2. Adverbial Clause A subordinate clause that is used like an adverb to
modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb
Answers these questions: How? When? Where? How
much? To what extent? Under what condition? and
Why?
Introduced by a subordinating conjunction

3. Examples: When? We will go whenever you are ready.
Where? We will park wherever we can find an
empty spot in the garage.
Under What We will attend the concert if we can get
Condition? tickets.
Why? We left early so that we would not be late.

4. Adverb Clause Characteristics
Tell more about the rest of the sentence in which they
appear
Can occur as sentence openers, subject-verb splits, or
sentence closers

5. Examples: Sentence openers:
After he got himself under control, he apologized.
--Stephen King, “The Mouse on the Mile”
Because its primary reason for existence was government, Maycomb was spared the grubbiness that distinguished most Alabama towns its size.
--Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird

6. Examples (cont.): Subject-verb split:
The truck drivers, when they heard that Maxie Hammerman had been released, were furious.
--Jean Merrill, The Pushcart War
Sentence closer:
Alfred quietly slipped out the back door and waited until Henry left. --Robert Lipsyte, The Contender

7. Adjectival Clause
Sometimes called an adjective clause or a relative clause
A subordinate clause that is used to modify a noun or
pronoun
Answers these questions: Which one(s)? What kind?
Usually begins with a relative pronoun: Who, Whose,
Whom, Which, and That

8. Examples: Which One(s)? The person who just rang the
bell left a package.
What Kind? The package, which was
heavy, came from our grandmother.

9. Adjective Clause Characteristics
Describe whatever is to the left of them in the same
sentence
Can occur as subject-verb splits or as sentence
closers

10. Examples: Subject-verb splits:
Keeton, who overtopped Norriss by five inches and outweighed him by a hundred pounds, gave the deputy a harsh little shake and then did let go.
--Stephen King, Needful Things
Even his eyes, which had been young, looked old.
--John Steinbeck, The Red Pony

11. Examples (cont.): Sentence closers:
They dropped his belongings at the freshman dorm, where the only sign of his roommate was a khaki duffel bag and a canvas butterfly chair printed to resemble a gigantic hand. --Anne Tyler, Saint Maybe
I loved school with a desperate passion, which became more intense when I began to realize what a monumental struggle it was for my parents and brothers and sisters to keep me there.
--Eugenia Collier, Sweet Potato Pie

12. Noun Clause A subordinate clause that is used like a noun
Can be used the same way that a single noun can be used:
Subject, Direct Object, Indirect Object, Object of a
Preposition, and Predicate Nominative

13. Examples: Subject Whatever you choose is fine with me.
Object of The book from which I got most of
Preposition my information is in the library.
Direct Object For lunch, I will have whatever you are having. .