1. Enhancing the learning content through the aggregation of social data. Frans Van Assche University of Leuven President of the ARIADNE Foundation

2. Paradata What users say about a resource; example: a rating of a Learning Object What users do with a resource: Usage Data; example a user edits metadata

3. The Experience API (xAPI) Property id actor verb object result context timestamp stored authority version attachments Type UUID Object Date/Time Object Version Array of attachment Objects

4. xAPI example { "id": "12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678", "actor": { "mbox": "mailto:xapi@adlnet.gov" }, "verb": { "id": "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/created", "display": { "en-US": "created" } }, "object": { "id": "http://example.adlnet.gov/xapi/example/activity" }

5. Contextualized Attention Metadata (CAM)

6. xAPI example { "event": { "name": "name", "datetime": "2011-02-02 14:49:21", "eventRelatedentityRelations": [{ "eventRelatedentityId": { "relatedentity": { "name": "name1", "type":"type1", "reference": "reference1", "mimetype": "mimetype1", "metadata": [{ "metadataHash": "METADATA HASHED IN SHA-512", "metadata": "metadata1", "metadataType": "metadataType1", "metadataBinding": "metadataBinding1" }] }, "role": "role1" } },{ "eventRelatedentityId": { "relatedentity": {... }, "role": "role2" } }], "sessions": [{ "sessionId": "sessionId", "domain": "domain", "ipAddress": "ipAddress" }] } }

7. JSON Activity Streams Property actor content generator icon id object published provider target title updated url verb Type Object JSON [RFC4627] String Object Media Link JSON [RFC4627] String Object [RFC3339] date-time Object JSON [RFC4627] String [RFC3339] date-time JSON [RFC4627] String

8. xAPI example { "published": "2011-02-10T15:04:55Z", "actor": { "url": "http://example.org/martin", "objectType" : "person", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:martin", "image": { "url": "http://example.org/martin/image", "width": 250, "height": 250 }, "displayName": "Martin Smith" }, "verb": "post", "object" : { "url": "http://example.org/blog/2011/02/entry", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:abc123/xyz" }, "target" : { "url": "http://example.org/blog/", "objectType": "blog", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:abc123", "displayName": "Martin's Blog" }

9. iTEC Usage Data Property Id Actor Verb Object Result Timestamp Stored Version ipAddress sessionId Type ID (iTEC) Character String ID (iTEC) Object Date/Time Character String URI Identifier

10. iTEC Example { "id": "http://itec-directory.eun.org/Paradata/1234505", "actor": "http://itec-directory.eun.org/User/40903", "verb": "edit", "object": "http://itec-directory.eun.org/Event/205", "result": "ok", "stored": "29-07-2013T14:10:05.123", "version": "1.0", "ipAddress": "http://123.123.123.1", "sessionId": "85C69908F30B01C09E47D8698B75AEEE" }

11. Recommended JSON Binding Practice WHY Make it easier to build front-ends On top of multiple back ends − Interoperability This is an invitation to technical people for collaboration

12. Recommended JSON Binding Practice WHAT Element names Identifiers Date/Time & Period LangString VocabularyTerm Vocabularies

13. Element names Display_Name display_name display-name displayName Camel case Starting with lower case

14. Identifier Scheme UUID or GUID – Good to know RFC 4122. See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt Example f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678

15. Date/Time & Duration Based on ISO 8601 http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime or http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformatshttp://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats Example 29-07-2013T14:10:05.123Z YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss[.s[TZD]]]]]]] where: YYYY = four-digit year MM = two-digit month DD = two-digit day of month hh = two digits of hour (00 through 23) mm = two digits of minute (00 through 59) ss = two digits of second (00 through 59) s = one or more digits representing a decimal fraction of a second TZD = time zone designator ("Z" for UTC or +hh:mm or -hh:mm) Example Duration: P1Y3M5DT7H10M3.3S

16. LangString "description": [ { "lang": "en", "text": "This learning object..." }, { "lang": "nl", "text": "Dit leerobject... " } ] "description": [ { "en": "This learning object..." }, { "nl": "Dit leerobject... " } ]

17. Vocabulary Term "subjects": [ "508", "974" ], "categories": [ "expert", "teacher" ] A simple Token or identifier

18. { "subjects": [ { "id": 508, "langString": [ { "en": "foreign language" }, { "nl": "Vreemde talen" } ] }, { "id": 974, "langString": [ { "en": "physical education" }, { "nl": "Lichamelijke opvoeding" } ] } ] } Extended

19. { "subjects": [ { "id": 508, "source": "http://voc1", "langString": [ { "en": "foreign language" }, { "nl": "Vreemde talen" } ] }, { "id": 974, "source": "http://voc2", "langString": [ { "en": "physical education" }, { "nl": "Lichamelijke opvoeding" } ] } ] } Complete

20. Vocabulary Term "subjects": [ "508", "974" ], "categories": [ "expert", "teacher" ] Full Vocabulary needed

21. Enhancing the learning content through the aggregation of social data. GRNET and Ariadne Nikos Manolis

22. Open Discovery Space − A large-scale pilot project that tries to increase the adoption of digital learning resources by European schools − An infrastructure to allow existing learning portals and repositories to be connected

23. What is Social Data? Any information on the Web that describes a Web resource (identified by a URI) from the perspective of an individual user or an aggregated group of users Provide subjective interactive statements on artifacts

24. Social Data types  Ratings  Tags  Comments  Bookmarks  Sharings

25. The need for aggregating An important information source to provide additional and more personalized access to learning objects Provide the opportunity to filter and recommend tailored information to a target user based on their social data profile

26. Developing a Social Data Management Layer Method : − A questionnaire was circulated among data providers − Cross analysis of the questionnaire results − Analysis of the various social data exposure protocols and interfaces − Social Data schema definition (existing efforts from Organic Edunet, LRE and NSDL )

27. ODS basis schemata Nr. Social metadata requirements CAM OrganicEdunet format Learning RegistryNSDL 1Rate++++ 2Tag++++ 3Bookmark++++ 4Share (FB, twitter, e-mail)+-++ 5share count++-+ 6Comment++++ 7Join groups+-+- 8 Posts (discussion, blog, etc.) +- + (Google discussion) - 9following/followers+-+- Social data sum (+)9586

28. ODS Social Data schema

29. Technological Background An extended version of Ariadne Harvester is used for harvesting social data − Internal validation mechanism according to the Social Data schema validation An extended version of Ariadne Repository is used for already harvested social data management − OAI-PMH endpoint for social data exposure − Social Data are also exposed in JSON format using an extended version of the built-in RESTP API

30. Architecture.

31. Some indicative numbers ProviderTagsCommentsRatingsBookmarksSharingsPostsTotal Mace5561914747600056242 Organic Edunet 3811415760001098 Sum56000288105200057340

32. Next Steps Harvest from more providers Expose social data as Linked Data. Connect LO Metadata with harvested Social Data. Integrate harvested social data to Portal. − Recommender subsystem. − Search subsystem.

33. Thank you!