1. An Aerospace Manufacturing Perspective Introduction to Fastener Technology Part 1 1

2. Fasteners in Aviation Introduction of Fasteners – Definition – History of Fasteners – Impact of Aerospace in the Fasteners Industry 2

3. Definition Comes from the word fasten ~ to attach firmly or securely in place. A connecting device or material that attaches objects together 3

4. History of Fasteners 1840 - Rugg & Barnes of Marion, Connecticut is the pioneer of the North American fastener industry 1884 - William Sellers proposed an American standard of screw threads, bolt heads, and nuts Proposal was accepted, the fasteners industry grew 4

5. History of Fasteners 1969 - North American fastener industry had grown about 450 fasteners companies, producing two billion fasteners a year 1984 - only 250 fasteners companies remained, due to major invasion of foreign fasteners at significantly lower prices 5

6. History of Fasteners To survive, the fasteners industry is then directed its attention to highly engineered, value-added fasteners to reduce assembly, labor and inventory costs Aerospace industry was set as a target ! 6

7. Importance of Fasteners in the Aerospace Industry Today, aerospace/defense industry is responsible for about 14% of consumption. Ken Long, an industry analyst at the Freedonia Group, believed some growth is anticipated in the long-term outlook of fastener industry. 7