2. 6000-3000 BC Farming spread from southwest Asia to southeastern Europe Europeans no longer had to move in search of food (Hunting and Gathering)

3. Ancient Greece (400’s – 300’s BC) First DEMOCRACTIC governments Democracy=government where the citizens hold power directly Rome (227 BC – 180 AD) First REPUBLIC (government where representatives are elected) Imitated Greek art, literature, science & architecture Christianity was the official religion

4. Feudalism replaced centralized government Feudalism: Kings allow nobles use of land in exchange for military service & protection, serfs work the land The Roman Catholic church became the most powerful force in Europe Cathedrals and Monasteries became the only centers of learning (no schools for kids)

5. Crusades are a series of religious wars Christians are called to take back the Holy Lands- Jerusalem- from Muslim control. Considered a successful failure… Failure- They did NOT achieve their objective to recapture the Holy Lands Success- They did set up trade routes from the Middle East to Italy

6. 1333- Starts in China 1348- spreads into Europe through trade routes in Italy 1350- Plague hits northern Europe Estimated 25 million killed Causes hysteria and reflected anti-Semitism Fleas on Rats

7. Starts in Italy and spreads north A renewed interest in learning and art. Inspired by Classical Greece & Rome.

8. Reformation- Movement to reform the Catholic Church (because of corruption) 1517- Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses against the Catholic Church (his arguments why the church needs to change) Many Protestant Churches begin (Lutherans, Protestants, Baptists, etc) 95 theses

9. 1500’s- 1800’s ; 3 G’s (God, Gold & Glory) European nations set up colonies in lands they “discovered”- usually destroying the native cultures Trade with colonies in the Americas, Asia, and Africa, brought great wealth and power to European nations & increased Europe’s global influence

10. Began in Great Britain (large deposits of coal and iron) Factories transformed life in Europe Industrialized cities, improved transportation & communication industrial revolution

11. Nationalism begins to grow in European countries Nationalism= a love for one’s country By the 1900’s the Balkans have broken up into small countries that were fighting for control of the region. Balkanization= a region that has small mutually hostile units Is Nationalism GOOD or BAD?

13. World War I (1914 – 1918) World War II (1939 – 1945) Holocaust: the mass killing of 6 million Jews & others by German Nazis (anti-Semitism) Brought the downfall of western Europe as the center of world power Leads to the Cold War

14. Most eastern European nations adopted Communism- creating the Cold War Satellite nations- Nations dominated by another country

15. End of WWII-1980’s A “war” (w/out actual fighting) between Communist and Non-Communist nations US (United States)- non-communist vs. USSR (Soviet Union)- communist Ends with the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe & USSR (1989)

18. After WWII Berlin & Germany were divided Western Germany = democratic Eastern Germany= communist Berlin (capital) which is in East Germany was divided also by the Berlin Wall Berlin Wall fell in 1989

20. In the late 1980’s Communism falls- and the satellite nations are FREE from Soviet Control 1989 They have free elections and take control of their countries!

21. Supernationalism: outside or beyond the authority of one national government. This is the trend that is happening world wide. Countries are becoming interdependent on one another. What two examples can you think of that we’ve already studied about in North & South America?