1. Anatomy of cardiovascular system
BMS 231:
2015/2016
DR SOBIA IKRAM
DR AQEELA BANO
DR SADIA FARHAN

2. Table of Contents Objectives for this lesson
Function of the Cardiovascular system and the Blood Vessels involved .
Location , coverings, walls and Layers of the Heart.
External and Internal Anatomy of Heart chambers and heart valves.
Coronary circulation and Conducting system of the heart.
Anatomy of Aorta , arterial and Venous Drainage of the heart.

3. Objectives When you finish this lesson, you should be able to
Describe the Functions of the Cardiovascular system and the blood Vessels involved.
Identify the Location, coverings , walls and Layers of the heart.
Understand the External and Internal Anatomy of the Heart and its Valves.
Explain the conducting system and the coronary circulation of the heart.
Understand the Anatomy of Aorta, arterial and Venous Drainage of the heart.

4. The function of the cardiovascular system is
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
Remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

5. The Cardiovascular System
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

6. Arteries are the vessels that take the blood away from the heart.
BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries are the vessels that take the blood away from the heart.
Veins are thinner walled vessels compared to arteries. They move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.
Capillaries are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells.
What are smaller branches of arteries called? (arterioles)
What are small veins that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart called? (venules)

7. BLOOD VESSELS Point out the discrete layers of each vessel.
Compare and contrast the substructures of each type of vessel.
Why is the muscle layer in an artery thicker than that of a vein?

8. Heart Anatomy Location of heart Posterior to sternum
Anterior to vertebral column
Medial to lungs
Base lies beneath 2nd rib
Apex lies in 5th intercostal space
Lies upon diaphram

10. Location of the Heart

11. The Heart: Coverings
Pericardium – a double layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart.
1. Visceral pericardium
Next to heart
2. Parietal pericardium
Outer layer
Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium is called pericardial fluid

12. Pericardium

13. The Heart Wall Three layers Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
Outside layer
This layer is the visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Middle layer
Mostly cardiac muscle
Endocardium
Inner layer

14. Heart Anatomy of heart layers

15. Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
There are four chambers of the heart
Two atrias - right and left atrium.
Two ventricles - right and left ventricles

16. Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
ATRIA
small, thin-walled chambers
Functions
Receives blood
RIGHT ATRIUM
Receives blood from Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
LEFT ATRIUM
Receives blood from Pulmonary Veins

17. Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
VENTRICLES
make up most of the mass of the heart
the walls of the left ventricle are 3 times thicker than those of the right ventricle

18. Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
VENTRICLES
Function
Pushes the blood to the body and lungs
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Pushes the blood to lungs by right and left pulmonary arteries.
LEFT VENTRICLE
Pushes the blood to the body through aorta.

20. Heart Anatomy (Valves)
HEART VALVES
The valves help the blood to flow in one direction
The valves open and close in response to differences in blood pressure on their two sides

21. Heart Anatomy (Valves)
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
LIES BETWEEN ATRIA AND VENTRICLES
Tricuspid Valve (right side)
Mitral Valve (left side)

22. Heart Anatomy(Valves)
SEMILUNAR VALVES
located between the ventricles and the large arteries
Pulmonary Valve (right side)
Aortic Valve (left side)

23. Location of Heart Valves

24. Heart Anatomy(Valves)

25. Coronary circulation
Anterior view

26. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEART

27. Conduction system of heart
The heart is controlled by the ANS – it increases/decreases contraction, but it does NOT initiate it.
The heart has its own regulating system = conduction system
The conduction system is composed of specialized muscle tissue that generates action potentials within cardiac tissue

28. CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART

29. ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF HEART
1. SA NODE
Located in the right atrial wall
2. AV NODE
Located in the interatrial septum

30. ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM
3. AV BUNDLE
Located at the interventricular septum
4. BUNDLE BRANCHES
Located below the AV bundle
5. CONDUCTION MYOFIBERS (Purkinje Fibers)
Located in the ventricular myocardium

31. CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART

32. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

33. http://highered. mcgraw-hill

34. ANATOMY OF AORTA

35. ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE BODY

36. Major Arteries of the Upper and lower limb

38. Veins of the Upper and lower limb

39. SUMMARY of our Circulatory System
Lungs
Body cells
the right side of the system
deals with deoxygenated blood.
the left side of the system
deals with oxygenated blood.