1. The Coming of the Civil War The Impending Crisis Two Nations

2. North believed slavery was wrong based on religion South attacked uncaring northern industrialists who took no personal responsibility for workers

3. Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Eliza Harris, a slave, escapes when her child is to be sold Uncle Tom is sold and is killed by his brutal master, Simon Legree

5. Differences North had urban, large population; new technology; more railroads; telegraph; factories South had more slaves and cotton

6. Telegraph

7. New Political Parties

8. Election of 1848 Democrats: Lewis Cass Whigs: Zachary Taylor Free Soil Party took votes away from Cass to give Taylor the victory Taylor dies in 1850; Millard Fillmore takes office

9. Zachary Taylor

10. Millard Fillmore

11. Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay of Kentucky proposes a compromise to admit California as a free state John Calhoun of SC against Daniel Webster for

12. Daniel Webster

14. Provisions 1. Admit CA as free state 2. Territories of New Mexico and Utah decide for themselves 3. Abolish sale of slaves in Washington, D.C. 4. Slavery remained legal in Washington, D.C. 5. Fugitive Slave Act: all citizens must assist in the return of runaway slaves to owners; no jury trial for slaves

15. Political Parties Decline of the Whig party Election of 1852: Franklin Pierce, a Democrat, defeats Winfield Scott, a Whig Know-Nothing Party: against immigrants

16. Kansas-Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas of Illinois wanted to run for President Act supported popular sovereignty for area Passed but made North angry

18. Two New Parties Republicans Know-Nothings (against immigrants, Irish Catholics) wanted native Americans to have best treatment

19. Republican Party Dedicated to stopping “Slave Power” Demanded repeal of the Kansas- Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Act

20. Republicans Comprised of antislavery Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers from North Small business owners, craftworkers, farmers, professionals

21. The System Fails

22. Violence Begins Free soilers: 1,200 New Englanders sent to Kansas to fight against slavery Proslavery settlers opposed them 1856, open violence

23. Two Capitals Free soilers capital was in Topeka, Kansas; against slavery Proslavery capital was in Lecompton, Kansas

24. “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown: Following a raid in Lawrence by a proslavery group, he and his followers killed five proslavery men Summer of murder and raids

25. Bleeding Kansas

26. John Brown

27. John Brown’s Raid 1859, Brown and his men attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia Wanted a slave uprising Colonel Robert E. Lee leads troops; Brown is executed.

28. Senate Violence Senator Charles Sumner, a Republican, attacked Southerners for slavery Preston Brooks beat him with his cane Sumner lived but never recovered; added to hatred

30. Election of 1856 Democrats nominated James Buchanan Republicans nominated John C. Fremont Know-Nothings chose Millard Fillmore

31. Buchanan Buchanan wins the election He hoped that the Supreme Court would use its power to resolve the slavery issue. Next decision angers the North even more

32. James Buchanan

33. Scott v. Sandford The Dred Scott Decision 1857; Scott sued his owner Said that he and his wife were taken to states and territories where slavery was illegal and should be free

34. Dred Scott

35. Ruling 7 to 2 against Scott Slaves are not citizens and cannot sue in court Scott not free due to being in free area Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional

36. Lecompton Constitution Proslavery group wrote a proslavery constitution for Kansas Buchanan accepted it, but Congress returned it. Defeated by Kansas people

37. Lincoln-Douglas Debates Campaigning for Senate Series of seven debates on the issue of slavery in the territories. Physical contrast in the men Douglas wins election

38. Abraham Lincoln

39. Studied law and worked at various jobs Served in the Congress in the 1840s Believed that the majority could not deny the minority their rights Foresaw confrontation

40. Stephen Douglas

41. Senator Douglas Short, stout Believed that the majority of people could do anything they wished, even make slavery legal Lincoln gets national attention

42. A Nation Divided Against Itself

44. Border States Delaware Maryland Kentucky Missouri

45. The Election of 1860  In April 1860, Democratic Party split into North and South factions  In Border States, the Constitutional Union party forms from Whigs and American party (Know Nothing)

46. Candidates in1860 Southern Democrats: John C. Breckinrigde Northern Democrats: Stephen Douglas, Illinois Constitutional Union party: John Bell, Tennessee Republican party: Abraham Lincoln, Illinois

47. And the winner was… Lincoln wins with 39% of the vote and 180 electoral votes – A sectional victory – Hadn’t even been on southern ballots!!

48. Lincoln’s First Inauguration