3.  A noun is a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.  Person: man, Barack Obama, Superman  Place: city, state, Alabama, Childersburg  Thing: dog, car, Monte Carlo  Idea: peace, love, humility, happiness

4.  The man went down to his car to get his wallet.  I understand all of the material for the test.  The dog eats his food every single day.

5.  Singular nouns name one person, one place, one thing, or one idea.  The car runs well.  Plural nouns name more than one person, place, thing, or idea.  The cars run well.  Possessive nouns show ownership.  The baby’s bottle  The babies’ bottle

6.  A concrete noun names an object that occupies space or that can be recognized by the five senses.  Rock, air, book, electricity  An abstract noun names an idea, a quality, or a characteristic.  Peace, love, wisdom, bravery, happiness

7.  A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea.  A common noun names a general person, place, thing, or idea. CommonProper PersonactorMel Gibson PlacecityChildersburg ThingdogChamp IdeareligionChristianity

8.  A collective noun names a group.  Family  Team  Press  Population  Board  Flock  Herd

9.  A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun. SingularPlural 1 st PersonI, meWe, us 2 nd PersonYou 3 rd PersonHe, him, she, her, it They, them

10.  A possessive pronoun takes the place of a possessive form of a noun. SingularPlural 1 st PersonMy, mineOur, ours 2 nd PersonYour, yours 3 rd PersonHis, her, hers, its Their, theirs

11.  A reflexive pronoun refers, or reflects back, to a noun or pronoun earlier in the sentence.  An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to another noun or pronoun in the same sentence. SingularPlural 1 st PersonMyselfOurselves 2 nd PersonYourselfYourselves 3 rd PersonHimself, herself, itself Themselves

12.  A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. SingularThisThat PluralThesethose

13.  An interrogative pronoun is used to form questions.  Who? What? Whose? Which? Whom?  A relative pronoun is used to begin a subordinate clause. WhoWhoeverWhichThat WhomWhomeverWhicheverWhat WhoseWhosoeverWhatever

14.  An indefinite pronoun refers to persons, places, or things in a more general way than a noun does.  See chart on page 451 for a list of these pronouns.

15.  A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a statement.  An action verb tells what someone or something does.  A linking verb links, or joins, the subject of a sentence with a word or expression that identifies or describes the subject.  A verb phrase consists of a main verb and all its auxiliary, or helping, verbs.

16.  An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by limiting its meaning.  An adjective answers the following questions: What kind? (round table) Which one? (these books) How many? (twelve disciples) How much? (many ideas)

17.  Adjectives have three degrees of comparison:  Positive: one thing The lamp is bright.  Comparative: comparing two things This lamp is brighter than that lamp.  Superlative: comparing three or more things This lamp is the brightest of all.

18.  Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the.  A and an are indefinite articles.  The is a definite article.  Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns.  English, Alabamian, Japanese, American

19.  An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by making its meaning more specific.  Adverbs answer the following questions: When? I will call tomorrow. Where? The speaker will stand here. How? Kim carefully polished the car. To what extent? We were truly sorry.

20.  A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence.  Prepositions begin phrases that end with a noun or pronoun that is called the object of a preposition.  See page 473 for a list of prepositions.

21.  A conjunction is a word that joins single words or groups of words.  A coordinating conjunction joins words or groups of words that have equal grammatical weight in a sentence:  And, but, or, so, nor, yet

22.  Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence.  Both…and  Just as…so  Either…or  Neither…nor  Not only…but  Whether…or

23.  A subordinating conjunction joins two clauses, or ideas, in such a way as to make one grammatically dependent on the other.  These conjunctions join a dependent (subordinate) clause to an independent clause.  Look on page 477 for some examples  A conjunctive adverb is used to clarify the relationship between clauses of equal weight in a sentence.

24.  An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation.  Ouch! That hurts!  Wow! That is amazing!