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Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry Electron Configurations Lewis Dot Structures Hybridization Orbital depictions
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Organic Chemist’s Periodic Table
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Molecular Model of Aspirin
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Nucleus is a Tiny Fraction of the Volume of an Atom
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Orbitals are Probabilities
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Electron Configurations
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Ground State Electron Configurations
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The p Orbital
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p x, p y, p z
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Bonding in H 2 Sigma ( Bond
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Energy Released When Bond Forms
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Drawing Structures
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Octane Representations
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Condensed Formulas
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Line-Angle Structures are Often Used as a Short-hand
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Line-Angle Structures
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Line-Angle structure Superimposed on Lewis Structure
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Double Bonds are Shown
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For Cyclic Structures, Draw the Corresponding Polygon
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Drawing Clear Structures
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Structures take Cues from Models
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Some Steroids
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Benzene can be drawn as one of two resonance structures
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Some Line-Angle Structures
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Bonding Characteristics of Period 2 Elements
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“Saturated” with Hydrogen
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A Model of a Saturated Hydrocarbon
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Electron Configuration of Carbon
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In Ground State 2 bonding sites, 1 lone pair The ground state configuration cannot account for the bonding in CH 4 !
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Lewis Dot Structure of Methane
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sp 3 Hybridization 4 Regions of electron Density
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Hybridization of 1 s and 3 p Orbitals – sp 3
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sp 3 is Tetrahedral Geometry Methane
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Tetrahedral Geometry
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Methane Representations
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Orbital Depiction of Ethane, C 2 H 6, the bond
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Depictions of 2-Methylbutane
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Ammonia Tetrahedral Geometry Pyramidal Shape
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All Have the Same Geometry All Have 4 Regions of Electron Density
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sp 2 Hybridization 3 Regions of Electron Density
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Hybridization of 1 s and 2 p Orbitals – sp 2
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An sp 2 Hybridized Atom
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The bond Overlap of 2 parallel p Orbitals
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Ethylene CH 2 =CH 2
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Views of Ethylene, C 2 H 4
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Ethylene
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Formaldehyde
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sp Hybridization 2 Regions of Electron Density
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The sp Orbital
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Acetylene, C 2 H 2, 1 bond 2 perpendicular bonds
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Consider the structure of Ibuprofen: a.In your notebook, indicate which atoms are sp 3 -hybridized, sp 2, sp. b.What is the molecular formula?
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Draw the Lewis structure and identify the hybridization of the central atoms. a.C 3 H 4 b.Carbon dioxide c.CH 3 + d.NH 4 +
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