Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byEvelyn Long Modified over 9 years ago
1
EÐL620M / Life in the Universe Life in the Universe Astrophysics – chemistry – Biology – earth-/planetary sciences Atoms - chemical bond Carbon chemical bond Atoms and molecules in space ; Informations derived from spectroscopy Molecules in the universe ; Existance and formation Interactions between light and matter ; photochemistry, photoionization, photofragmentation Thermochemistry in the Universe Biochemistry
2
Atom: nuclei: p, + n, 0 electron: e - 0.1 nm 0.1 10 -9 m 10 -10 m ?
3
? ? No wave(?) No electron(?)
4
? Standing wave Electron in an orbit
7
Energy n=1 n=2 n=3 n : 0 - but, Three dimension ?
8
2 (r) r
9
Þ.e. líkindasvæði 2 (x,y,z)
10
n....... n+1.......n+2........ n S - svigrúm
11
2 (r, ) r
12
2 e - per orbital - Opposite spins:
13
E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 : n = 4 l = 0/sl = 1/pl = 2/dl = 3/f :::: :::: ::::. 1x e - H. H: 1s 1 ; ground state H*: > 1s 1 ; excited states
14
R 2 r Na: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s Na + : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 screening: 3s Na*: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3p 3p Na**: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3d 3d
15
E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 : n = 4 l = 0/sl = 1/pl = 2/dl = 3/f :::: :::: ::::. A > H. e.g. C (6e - ) C: 1s 2,2s 2,2p 2 C*, e.g. : 1s 2,2s 2,2p 1 3s 1
16
E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 : n = 4 l = 0/sl = 1/pl = 2/dl = 3/f :::: :::: ::::. A > H. e.g. C (6e - ) Relationship between atoms and valence electron orbitals
17
HH 2 1s 1s + 1s ) 2 1s - 1s ) 2 2 x 2e - 2 x atom orbitals 2 x molecular orbitals
18
1s + 1s ) 2 1s - 1s ) 2 + - - - - - - - - + attractionr- forces, F - attraction- forces, F - repulsion- forces, F + attraction- forces, F - repulsion- forces, F + net Repulsion forces: antibonding Net Attraction forces: bonding: Chemical bond - - - - ++
19
2x :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E :::: :::: :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E s Molecular energies (orbitals) quantized
20
A, AB......Low energy electron configurations /Ground states A*, AB*...... High energy electron configurations / excited states NB!
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.