1. EÐL620M / Life in the Universe Life in the Universe Astrophysics – chemistry – Biology – earth-/planetary sciences Atoms - chemical bond Carbon chemical bond Atoms and molecules in space ; Informations derived from spectroscopy Molecules in the universe ; Existance and formation Interactions between light and matter ; photochemistry, photoionization, photofragmentation Thermochemistry in the Universe Biochemistry

2. Atom: nuclei: p, + n, 0 electron: e - 0.1 nm 0.1 10 -9 m 10 -10 m ?

3. ?   ? No wave(?) No electron(?)

4. ?   Standing wave Electron in an orbit

7. Energy n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : 0 - but, Three dimension ?

8.  2 (r) r

9. Þ.e. líkindasvæði   2 (x,y,z)

10. n....... n+1.......n+2........ n S - svigrúm

11.  2 (r,  ) r 

12. 2 e - per orbital - Opposite spins:

13. E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 : n = 4 l = 0/sl = 1/pl = 2/dl = 3/f :::: :::: ::::. 1x e - H. H: 1s 1 ; ground state H*: > 1s 1 ; excited states

14.    R 2 r Na: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s Na + : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 screening: 3s Na*: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3p 3p Na**: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3d 3d

15. E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 : n = 4 l = 0/sl = 1/pl = 2/dl = 3/f :::: :::: ::::. A > H. e.g. C (6e - ) C: 1s 2,2s 2,2p 2 C*, e.g. : 1s 2,2s 2,2p 1 3s 1

16. E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 : n = 4 l = 0/sl = 1/pl = 2/dl = 3/f :::: :::: ::::. A > H. e.g. C (6e - ) Relationship between atoms and valence electron orbitals

17. HH  2 1s  1s +  1s ) 2  1s -  1s ) 2 2 x 2e - 2 x atom orbitals 2 x molecular orbitals

18.  1s +  1s ) 2  1s -  1s ) 2 + - - - - - - - - + attractionr- forces, F - attraction- forces, F - repulsion- forces, F + attraction- forces, F - repulsion- forces, F + net Repulsion forces: antibonding Net Attraction forces: bonding: Chemical bond - - - - ++

19. 2x :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E :::: :::: :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E s  Molecular energies (orbitals) quantized

20. A, AB......Low energy electron configurations /Ground states A*, AB*...... High energy electron configurations / excited states NB!