1. Photography in Education TECH2113 Dr. Alaa Sadik Department of Instructional & Learning Technologies www.alaasadik.net alaasadik@squ.edu.om

2. Part 2 Shooting Week 6 Basics of Digital Camera

3. Key Concepts Camera Controls The Sensor (Charge-Coupled Device) Pixels and Resolutions Lens and focus Shutter Aperture (F Stop)

4. Basics of Digital Camera Camera Controls 1. Microphone 2. AF-assist Beam 3. Red-Eye Reduction Lamp 4. Self-Timer Lamp 5. Viewfinder Window 6. Flash 7. Terminal Cover

5. Basics of Digital Camera 8. A/V OUT 9. DIGITAL USB Terminal 10. DC IN Terminal 11. Ring 12. Lens 13. Ring Release Button

6. Basics of Digital Camera 1. Indicators 2. Power Lamp 3. Power Button 4. Zoom Lever 5. Shutter Button 6. Shooting Mode Dial 7. Mode Switch 8. Print/Share Button 9. Function/Set Button 10. Menu Button 11. Display Button

7. Basics of Digital Camera 12. Exposure/Erase Image 13. Browsing 14. Flash 15. Macro/Manual Focus

8. Basics of Digital Camera 1. LCD Monitor 2. Viewfinder 3. Speaker 4. Wrist Strap Mount 5. Memory Card Slot / Battery Cover 6. Memory Card Slot / Battery Cover 7. Tripod Socket

9. Basics of Digital Camera The Sensor A sensor is a device that receives a signal or stimulus (like heat, pressure, light or motion) and responds to it in a distinctive manner.

10. Basics of Digital Camera Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) A silicon semiconductor by which digital cameras capture their images.

11. Basics of Digital Camera Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)

12. Basics of Digital Camera Charge-Coupled Device (The Digital Camera Sensor) Composed of a matrix of photo-sensitive points called photo-sites that capture photons (light) and converts them to electronic signal. Use Google to find your own definition of CCD.

13. Basics of Digital Camera Types of Sensors Foveon Sensor

14. Basics of Digital Camera Foveon Sensor It uses a matrix of photo-sites, each of which consists of three vertically stacked photo detectors. Each of the three stacked photo detectors responds to different wavelengths of light (Red/Green/Blue)

15. Basics of Digital Camera Types of Sensors Array Sensor

16. Basics of Digital Camera Types of Sensors Array Sensor (Bayer’s Sensor) It uses an array for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors. The filter pattern is 50% green, 25% red and 25% blue, hence is also called RGBG or GRGB.

17. Basics of Digital Camera Pixels and Resolutions A pixel (short for picture element) is the smallest single component of an image.

18. Basics of Digital Camera Pixels and Resolutions Each pixel has typically three or four dimensions of variability such as Red, Green and Blue. The more pixels used to represent an image, the closer the result can resemble the original of an image.

19. Basics of Digital Camera Pixels and Resolutions The number of pixels per inch (ppi) in an image is called the resolution. Image resolution describes the detail an image holds.

20. Basics of Digital Camera Pixels and Resolutions Pixel counts can be expressed as a: single number (e.g. 3 Megapixel digital camera). pair of numbers (e.g., 640 x 480 VGA display monitor), and therefore has a total number of 640 × 480 = 307,200 pixels or 0.3 Megapixels.

21. Basics of Digital Camera Pixels and Resolutions A megapixel is 1 million pixels, and is a term used not only for the number of pixels in an image, but also to express the number of image sensor elements of digital cameras.

22. Basics of Digital Camera Lens and Focus Object Distance The distance from the center of a lens to the object.

23. Basics of Digital Camera Lens and Focus Focal Length The distance from the center of a lens to a point where it focuses light (sensor) in mm.

24. Lens and Focus The focal length determines a camera's field of view. The shorter the focal length, the wider the field of view.

25. Basics of Digital Camera Shutter and Shutter Speed Shutter is a mechanism in the camera that controls the amount of light that reaches the sensor.

26. Basics of Digital Camera Shutter and Shutter Speed Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter is open. A typical shutter speed for photographs taken in sunlight is 1/125th of a second. The agreed standards for shutter speeds are 1/1000s- 1s.

27. Basics of Digital Camera Shutter and Shutter Speed Very short shutter speeds are used to freeze fast- moving subjects.

28. Basics of Digital Camera Shutter and Shutter Speed Very long shutter speeds are used to intentionally blur a moving subject for artistic effect.

29. Basics of Digital Camera Shutter and Shutter Speed Very long shutter speeds are used to intentionally blur a moving subject for artistic effect.

30. Basics of Digital Camera Shutter: Watch this

31. Basics of Digital Camera Aperture (F- Stop) Aperture is the size of the opening between the lens and the shutter that lets lights onto the sensor.

32. Basics of Digital Camera Aperture (F-Stop) Aperture range usually extends from f2.5 to f22.

33. Basics of Digital Camera Aperture (F-Stop) A small aperture is used when shooting in bright light and vice versa. The smaller the aperture the slower the shutter speed, vice versa.

34. Basics of Digital Camera Aperture and Shutter Speed The smaller the aperture the slower the shutter speed, vice versa.

35. Basics of Digital Camera Aperture and Shutter Speed The smaller the aperture the slower the shutter speed, vice versa.

36. Basics of Digital Camera

37. Aperture and Shutter Speed Very deep depth of view F- 8.0

38. Basics of Digital Camera Aperture and Shutter Speed Very shallow depth of view F- 1.8

39. Discussions & Conclusions