1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [PHY Layer Submission for 802.15.3c] Date Submitted: [7 May 2007] Source: [André Bourdoux, Stefaan Derore, Jimmy Nsenga, Wim Van Thillo - IMEC] Address [Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium] Voice:[+32-16-288215], FAX: [+32-16-281515], E-Mail:[bourdoux@imec.be] Re: [TG3c technical requirements] Abstract:[] Purpose:[Proposed PHY layer for IEEE802.15.3c 60 GHz WPANs] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 2 Introduction Proposal for the PHY layer of IEEE802.15.3c in response to CFP 07/586r2. Targets the high data rates Requirements of TG3c (15- 05-0353-07) –Up to 3 Gbps including overheads –3 channels channelization –Suitable for integration in full CMOS Carefull analysis to reduce 60 GHz front-end impact

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 3 Criteria for good Air Interface Low cost Low power consumption Modest FE requirements Low channel equalization complexity

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 4 What is not in this presentation/proposal ? MAC impact or modifications Preamble/pilot design Specific mapping and/or coding scheme (e.g. unequal error protection) for the support of video We concentrate on the careful selection of the modulation/equalization scheme towards low cost, low power consumption and easy system-on-a-chip implementation

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 5 Air interface selection Battery-powered terminal Power amplifier and DAC/ADC are critical power consumer (Quasi-)constant envelope modulations LOS or NLOS, directional or omni- directional antennas Low-to-high multipath propagation Optional CP for frequency domain equalization PSK-based:CP-M-PSK CPM-based:CP-GMSK

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 6 CPI:Cyclic Prefix Insertion CPR: Cyclic Prefix Removal SC:Single-carrier FDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer OFDM SC solution IFFT CPIChannel Transmitter Receiver CPRFFTFDEDemodulator CPIChannelCPRFFTFDEDemodulator IFFT CPIChannelCPRDemodulatorSingle-tap equalizer ChannelDemodulatorSingle-tap equalizer NLOS LOS - option 1 Receiver “decides” LOS - option 2 Transmitter “decides” OFDM / SC-FDE / SC

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 7 Cyclic prefix addition Complexity is negligible Requires buffering of small part of the payload data CP length is programmable (0, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 and 1/4) Midamble for CP-GMSK ensures phase continuity Payload data N CP N CP N+1 Payload data N+1 Payload data N-1 For CP-M-PSK: CP N CP N+1 Payload data N+1 Payload data N-1 For CP-GMSK: Payload data N Midamble (4 bits)

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 8 M-PSK and CP-M-PSK Transmitter Coding & Mapping DAC Add CP 2 Pulse shaping filter

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 9 M-PSK and CP-M-PSK Receiver ADC Remove CP Digital filter 2 Single-tap time- domain equalizer Freq-domain equalizer (FFT + equal. + IFFT) Demapping & Decoding

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 10 GMSK and CP-GMSK Transmitter Add CP and midamble 2 Freq. shaping filter 2πh2πh Phase Accum. Look-up table. Coding & Mapping DAC FM modulator Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz Can be approximated with QPSK like modulator

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 11 GMSK and CP-GMSK Receiver ADC Remove CP Matched filter (1 st Laurent pulse) Equal. Channel Decoding Filter 1 st Laurent Pulse FFTIFFT Midamble deletion Detector Soft / Hard

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 12 System parameters (1) CP-M-PSK –Block length: 512 symbols –CP length: 0, 16, 32, 64, 128 symbols –Maximum symbol rate: 1.667 Gsymb/s –Block duration: 307.2 ns (data) + 76.8 ns (CP) –TX filter roll-off: 0.2  BW = 2 GHz –Carrier spacing: (1+0.15)BW = 2.3 GHz –Bit rate (CP=25%, CR=3/4): BPSK: 1 Gbps QPSK: 2 Gbps 8-PSK: 3 Gbps

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 13 System parameters (2) CP-GMSK –Block length: 512 symbols –CP length: 0, 16, 32, 64, 128 symbols –Maximum symbol rate: 1.667 Gsymb/s –Block duration: 307.2 ns (data) + 76.8 ns (CP) –CPM pulse shape: Gaussian, length 3 –Carrier spacing: (1+0.15)BW = 2.3 GHz –Bit rate (CP=25%, CR=3/4): 1 Gbps

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 14 System parameters (3) Coded bit rate @ highest sample rate (3.333 Gsamples/s)

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 15 System parameters (4) - Scalability x 1/4

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 16 System parameters (5) – Frequency plan 2.3 GHz 575 MHz FS-A FS-B FS-C FS-D FS-B, FS-C and FS-D use same center frequencies FS-B, FS-C and FS-D can exploit flat portion of spectrum  diversity gain Simple synthesizer design

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 17 PSDs

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 18 PSD of M-PSK before PA Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 19 PSD of M-PSK after PA Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 20 PSD of GMSK (before/after PA) Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 21 BER and PER performances

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 22 Modeled non-idealities (combined) PA: modified Rapp model –AM-AM: p = 1.1, G = 16 (12 dB) –AM-PM: q = 4.5, A = -885, B = 0.1665 ADC: –Resolution: 5 bits ENOB for M-PSK 4 bits ENOB for GMSK –Clipping level: 2xV rms Phase noise: –-87 dBc/Hz –- 20 dB/dec from 1 MHz –-140 dBc/Hz floor Δf (Hz) -87 dBc/Hz -140 dBc/Hz -20 dB/decade PSD (dBc/Hz) 1 MHz

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 23 Uncoded BER Performances Ideal case –CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS) –CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer Combined non-idealities (PA + ADC + Phase noise (with tracking)) –CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS) –CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 24 Uncoded BER, ideal front-end

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 25 Uncoded BER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 26 GMSK and CP-GMSK Sensitivity to non-idealities

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 27 BPSK and CP-BPSK Sensitivity to non-idealities

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 28 QPSK and CP-QPSK Sensitivity to non-idealities

29. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 29 8-PSK and CP-8-PSK Sensitivity to non-idealities

30. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 30 Coded BER/PER Performances Ideal case –CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS) –CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer Combined non-idealities (PA + ADC + Phase noise (with tracking)) –CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS) –CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer –CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer

31. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 31 Coded BER, ideal front-end

32. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 32 Coded BER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)

33. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 33 Coded PER, ideal front-end PER = 0.08

34. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 34 Coded PER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN) PER = 0.08

35. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 35 Link budget, Sensitivity

36. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 36 Example link budget - BPSK

37. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 37 Example link budget - QPSK

38. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 38 Example link budget – 8-PSK

39. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 39 Range for different modes / antenna gains

40. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 40 Sensitivity for all modes, all channels

41. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 41 Individual non-idealities Modeled for CM13-LOS and CM23 Non-idealities: –PA –ADC –Phase noise compensated –“similar signal” in adjacent bands

42. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 42 PA effect CM23 LOS CM23 LOS 5 dB back-off is enough 3 dB back-off is acceptable CPM is unaffected

43. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 43 Effect of Phase noise CM23 LOS CM23 LOS CM23 LOS CM23 LOS -85 dBc/Hz is enough -87 dBc/Hz preferred for 8-PSK

44. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 44 Effect of Adjacent channel interference CM23 LOS CM23 LOS CM23 LOS +35 dB ACI is ok for most cases +30 dB for 8-PSK

45. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 45 Effect of ADC (4 bits) CM23 LOS CM23 LOS CM23 LOS

46. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 46 Effect of ADC (5 bits) CM23 LOS CM23 LOS CM23 LOS

47. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 47 Effect of ADC (3 bits) CM23 LOS For CPM and BPSK, 3 bits is ok For QPSK 4 bits is ok For 8-PSK, 5 bits is needed in multipath CM23 LOS

48. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 48 Impact of ADC on SC and OFDM Baseband sample rate = 3.333 Gsps for the 3 modes SC-8PSK: 3 Gbits/s OFDM-8PSK: 2.4 Gbits/s OFDM-16QAM: 3.2 Gbits/s

49. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 49 Impact of PA on SC and OFDM Baseband sample rate = 3.333 Gsps for the 3 modes SC-8PSK: 3 Gbits/s OFDM-8PSK: 2.4 Gbits/s OFDM-16QAM: 3.2 Gbits/s

50. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 50 Manufacturability

51. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 51 Zero-IF Transceiver

52. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 52 Analog Transceiver power consumption 45 nm CMOS process (External PA in other technology) Transceiver for (CP-)M-PSK and CP-GMSK 10 dBm output

53. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 53 Analog Transceiver power consumption 45 nm CMOS process Transceiver for (CP-)GMSK 4dBm output

54. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 54 Digital Receivers power consumption 45 nm CMOS process (channel estimation, synchronization not included)

55. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 55 Conclusion (1) Single carrier modulation can flexibly cope with LOS and non-LOS channels Avoids PAPR problem of OFDM  low cost, low power ADC and PA CPM (GMSK) is overall winner in LOS case (ADC 3 bits, 0 dB back-off) CPM is easily combined in DSP architecture M-PSK modes provide higher rates and multipath resistance with FDE

56. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 56 Conclusion Single-carrier approach is easily upgradable to higher constellations (QAM) Two classes of devices possible: –For LOS scenarios (simple receiver) –For NLOS scenarios (frequency domain equalizer) Easy manufacturability in cheap 45 nm CMOS processes

57. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 57 Back-up Slides

58. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 58 CPM parameters reminder log 2 M bits/symbol Pulse shape and length (rect, raised cos, gaussian, …) [Anderson, “Digital Phase Modulation”, 1986, Springer (Plenum Press)]

59. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 59 Achieving spectral efficiency with CPM 3COS,M=4,h=0.25 Good spectral performance 3COS,M=2,h=0.5 Low complexity 3COS,M=4,h=0.5 Good error performance

60. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 60 OFDM vs SC

61. doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 61 Double CP and FFT length for CM31