2. Foraging Societies: Until about 10 000 years ago, the world’s people lived by foraging ( hunting animals, fishing, harvesting grain, fruits, and roots) Most formed bands of 100ppl all related by kinship or marriage. Bands were mobile, people shifted ( little distinction on the basis of wealth) Family was the all embracing social institution, combining several functions of raising and educating children.

3. Agricultural Societies: People then began to settle and develop agricultural ways of life. Begin to see a surplus of food, which supported greater numbers of ppl Villages grew into cities At this stage social institutions separated from the family

4. Industrial Societies: Institutions of greater complexity Family, religion, law, politics, economics, education, medicine, military.

5. Why do Social Institutions Exist? Protection Law and order Morals and values Etc???

6. Roles: we all have a role ( daughter, son, mother) We learn what is expected of us as we grow up and adapt new roles. Parents, classmates, friends and coworkers tell us how to act and group pressure usually causes us to conform Codes of conduct Role of expectations can change ( working moms)

7. Norms: Standards for behaviour vary from group to group Some norms called MORES are such highly regarded moral views on behaviour that they are almost never broken ( usually become laws) Sexual abuse of young children and stealing FOLKWAYS: involve everyday habits or traditional practices concerning such things as manners, interactions, or personal appearance SANCTIONS: are the punishments and rewards given to individuals to ensure that they follow the rules or guidelines expected by the group or society.

8. Values: Standards of what is considered right and morally acceptable. What values do you have?