1. 12/5 Focus: 12/5 Focus: – The location of Rome helped Romans to carry on trade and build an empire around the Mediterranean Sea. – Rome and Carthage fought a series of war for control of the Mediterranean trade routes Important Terms: Important Terms: -Empire -Empire Do Now Do Now – Identify one group that influenced the development of early Rome

2. Review

3. Ancient Rome Roman Expansion Punic Wars

5. Rome Takes Italy 509 BC – 264 BC Romans defeat Etruscans and Greek cities in southern Italy – Romans granted conquered people many of the rights of Roman citizens Demanded obedience to Rome and taxes

7. The Punic Wars Rome and Carthage fought a series of wars for control of the Mediterranean – Carthage was a Phoenician trading colony in North Africa

8. The First Punic War Roman expansion into Sicily brought it into conflict with Carthage – Carthage-strong navy vs. Rome- strong army Rome is able to defeat Carthage – Carthage loses Sicily pays for war damages

10. The Second Punic War Rome and Carthage come into conflict over control of Spain (218-201 BC) Carthaginian general Hannibal invades Italy – Well trained army and war elephants cross the Pyrenees and Alps – Hannibal defeats Roman armies and creates chaos in Italy

11. The Second Punic War Italy invades Carthage – Led by Scipio – Hannibal forced to return to Carthage Scipio defeats Hannibal outside Carthage Carthage is defeated – Loses land in Spain and in North Africa

12. The Third Punic War Many Romans were still angry for the huge losses suffered when Hannibal invaded Italy – Roman Senator Cato pushes for the destruction of the Carthage Rome declares war on Carthage (149 BC) And to conclude…Carthage must be destroyed

13. The Third Punic War Romans destroy Carthage and enslave the entire population – It is said that the Romans sprinkled salt into ground so that nothing would ever grow in Carthage again

14. Conquest of Greece Rome defeats the Macedonians and take control of Greece and Persia Influx of Greek culture into Rome Rome dominates the Mediterranean

16. Closure Why were the Punic Wars fought? What was one effect of the Roman victory in the Punic Wars?