1. Visigothic Spain and Lombard Italy

2. Spain 409: Vandals 439 Suevi 456 Visigoths – Question: Who were the Visigoths? – What was their power base during this time? 409-569: turnover Regions of Spain Unification under Leovigild (d. 586) – How did Catholicism triumph over Arianism in Spain?

3. Visigothic Kingdom Importance of bishops How were kings chosen Chindasuinth (642-53): established stability Visigothic Law: late 7 th century – Roman influence – Persecution of Jews Survival of Roman institutions, education – Isadore of Seville

4. Fall to Berbers: 711 Wickham claims that in the late seventh century, "the Visigothic state was the strongest in the west" (139). What is the basis for this claim? How, then does he explain its conquest by the Arab and Berber invaders?

5. Lombard Italy Gothic War 536-54 Lombard invasion: 568-69 605: Agiluf established peace with emperor Phocas, paid tribute to Franks Continued Byzantine presence: how do you characterize their style of governance, compared to Constantinople itself? Lombard dynasties?

6. Character of Lombard rule On p. 144, Wickham alleges that the Lombard state "intervened in local society in capillary ways." What does he mean by this? What was the financial basis of the government: tax or land? How would you characterize the aristocracy? Religion? 643: Lombard law code, the Edict of Rothari Liutprand (712-44): established hegemony

7. Lombards, Franks, and the Papacy Significance of Rome Eventually: Lombards would succumb to the Carolingians Relationship to Roman antecedents: Romano- Germanic Kingdoms

8. Questions on Sources How does Gregory II advise his missionary Boniface to handle the problem of fellowship with bishops and priests who are "so involved in vices of many sorts that their lives are a blot upon the priesthood"? On p. 126, footnote #4, Rosenwein asks you to "compare [the Life of Gregory II]'s account of the Muslim conquest of Spain with the evidence from the Treaty of Tudmir" on p. 92. What does such a comparison suggest? To what extent and in what ways did Roman infrastructure survive in England, Spain, Francia, and Italy, respectively?