1. BY Dr. Ansari, prof. & chair-person, Dept.of anatomy, RAKMHSU.
GROSS ANATOMY OF FOOT BY
Dr. Ansari, prof. & chair-person, Dept.of anatomy, RAKMHSU.
4/23/2017

2. 4/23/2017

3. TOPOGRAPHY Foot lies distal to the ankle joint.
Superior surface of foot is dorsum of foot.
Inferior surface is the sole/plantar surface.
Foot is modified for weight bearing and locomotion.
4/23/2017

4. SURFACE ANATOMY OF FOOT
Dorsalis pedis artery is palpable at the mid point of the line joining the two malleoli.
Medial malleolus is the lower part of tibia, long saphenous vein lies anterior to the malleolus.
Lateral malleolus is the lower end of fibula.
Posterior tibial artery is palpable at the mid point between medial malleolus and tuberosity of calcaneum.
Tendo -calcaneum is the Achilles tendon attached to the tuberosity of calcaneum.
4/23/2017

5. BONES OF THE FOOT
4/23/2017

6. DERMATOME – DORSUM OF FOOT
Saphenous nerve supplies the medial side of foot, up to the root of the great toe.
Sural nerve supplies the skin of the lateral side of foot.
Deep peroneal nerve supplies the dorsum of foot skin of first inter-digital cleft.
Superficial peroneal nerve supplies the rest of the skin of dorsum of foot.
4/23/2017

7. DERMATOME ON SOLE Saphenous nerve Sural nerve Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Tibial nerve
We walk on S1 segment.
4/23/2017

8. 4/23/2017

9. We walk on S1 segment
4/23/2017

10. DEEP FASCIA OF FOOT Superior extensor retinaculum.
Inferior extensor retinaculum.
Flexor retinaculum.
Plantar aponeurosis.
Fibrous flexor sheaths.
4/23/2017

11. 4/23/2017

12. EXTENSOR RETINACULUM ATTACHMENTS
The superior extensor retinaculum binds the anterior borders of tibia and fibula, proximal to the malleoli.
It binds down the tendons of anterior compartment of leg, preventing bowstringing during dorsi flexion of the ankle.
4/23/2017

13. The inferior extensor retinaculum
It is a Y- shaped band of deep fascia.
Attached laterally to the anterosuperior surface of the calcaneus.
It binds round the tendons of peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus.
4/23/2017

14. The peroneal retinacula
These are the bands of deep fascia.
Attached from the tip of lateral malleolus to the calcaneus.
It binds the tendons of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.
4/23/2017

15. 4/23/2017

16. TENDONS ON THE DORSUM OF FOOT
Long tendons coming from the anterior compartment of leg are:-
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus,
Extensor digitorum longus,
Peroneus tertius.
4/23/2017

17. The intrinsic muscles on foot
Extensor digitorum brevis.
Dorsal interossei.
4/23/2017

18. OTHER STRUCTURES ON DORSUM FOOT
Dorsal venous arch.
Long & short saphenous veins.
Cutaneous branches of saphenous, sural deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves.
Dorsalis pedis artery and arcuate branch, and dorsal digital branches.
4/23/2017

19. 4/23/2017

20. 4/23/2017

21. MOVEMENTS OF THE FOOT Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Inversion Evertion
Flexion & extension of digits.
Abduction & adduction of digits.
4/23/2017

22. RADIOLOGY OF FOOT
4/23/2017

23. ANATOMY OF SOLE GROSS FEATURES
Ball of great toe.
Ball of little toe.
Ball of heel.
Thick, non-hairy skin
Plantar dermatoglyphics, foot & toes prints.
4/23/2017

24. DEEP FASCIA OF SOLE Plantar aponeurosis. Flexor retinaculum.
Fibrous flexor sheaths.
4/23/2017

25. LAYERS OF SOLE There are 4 muscular layers of sole.
First layer muscles include – abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis & abductor digiti minimi.
Plantar nerves and vessels.
4/23/2017

26. 4/23/2017

27. SECOND LAYER OF SOLE Flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae).
Four lumbricals.
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior.
4/23/2017

28. THIRD LAYER OF SOLE Flexor hallucis brevis.
Flexor digiti minimi brevis.
Adductor hallucis.
4/23/2017

29. THE FOURTH LAYER OF SOLE
Interossei.
Tendon of tibialis posterior.
Tendon of peroneus longus.
4/23/2017

30. SKELETAL ARCHES OF FOOT
Medial longitudinal arch,
Lateral longitudinal arch,
Transverse arch.
4/23/2017

31. 4/23/2017

32. Medial longitudinal bony arch
Talus +navicular+medial cuniform
Intermediate cuniform+lateral cuniform+
Medial 3 meta tarsals+
Phalanges of digits I,II,III.
4/23/2017

33. Lateral longitudinal arch
Calcaneum+cuboid+
Lateral 2 meta tarsals+
Phalanges of digits III &IV.
4/23/2017

34. The transverse arch Talus+Calcaneum+ Navicular+ cunneforms+
Cuboid+ all metatarsals.
4/23/2017

35. FACTORS THAT MAINTAIN THE LONGITUDINAL ARCHES
Ligaments are – Long plantar ligament+plantar calcaneocuboid,+plantar calcaneonavicular.
Long tendons – Tibialis anterior+Tibialis posterior+Peroneus longus+Flexor hallucis longus+Flexor digitorum longus.
Plantar aponeurosis + intrinsic muscles+ bony alignments.
4/23/2017

36. Applied Anatomy Flat foot. Talipes equino valgus / Club foot.
4/23/2017

37. Thank you
4/23/2017