1. HOT TOPICS: Wind Energy HOT TOPICS: Wind Energy Rachel Ruggirello, Science Educator Paul Markovits, Science Educator

2. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 2 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. NREL Map of Infrastructure and Potential Renewable Energy Sources Locate the best region(s) for each type of renewable energy.

3. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 3 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Aims of this Workshop PEDAGOGY Determine the ways in which wind energy can be used to teach physical science content, the engineering design process and inquiry skills Develop competency in hands-on, inquiry demonstrations and lab experiences about wind energy for the classroom SCIENCE CONTENT Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable energy sources Explain the properties of fluids, like water an air, and how these characteristics, combined with the energy of the sun, create wind Investigate the force of wind and determine the impact of a variety of factors on wind power Explore the components and design considerations of wind turbines Create an ideal blade design and analyze the efficiency of wind turbines using this design

4. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 4 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. What is Energy? Energy makes change possible. We use energy for everything we do. Heat, light, motion, electrical, chemical, nuclear, gravitational How would you classify the forms listed above?

5. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 5 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Clean Energy? The growth of clean and domestic renewable energy is an important part of addressing climate change and increasing energy security. What are some examples of clean and renewable energy sources?

6. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 6 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Wind Energy as a Theme for Teaching Science Interdisciplinary topic Hits on many important strands of the NSES Can emphasize some content more heavily to meet needs of your curriculum Tied to basic scientific principles Authentic problem Focus of current scientific research, engineering applications and industry

7. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 7 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. What is Wind?? 1 to 2% of the sun’s radiation turns into wind energy when it arrives on Earth This is 100 times all of the energy consumed on the planet!!

8. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 8 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Nature of wind Wind is affected by many climatic and geographic factors Wind is intermittent Win occurs both on land and at sea Wind speed is affected by topography and elevation Landforms affect the speed, frequency and turbulence of wind A minimum of 3 m/s is needed to drive a wind turbine and generate electricity A 10% increase in wind speed will lead to ~30% increase in power output from a wind turbine Did you know?

9. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 9 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. How do human’s use wind? Humans have been harnessing wind since 500-900 AD Ancient farmers in Persia used wind power for water-pumping Wind power turns kinetic energy of wind into mechanical or electrical power

10. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 10 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. The Windmill Windmills were improved and perfected over 500 years (1300 – 1875 AD) Windmills used wind power to turn the rotor (rotational motion) and then transfer this energy to mechanical energy To grind, crush, press, or pump

11. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 11 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Wind Turbines A type of windmill that transforms the mechanical energy of the turning rotor into electricity using a generator Much, much larger than windmills Can have rotor diameters of 145 meters and be as tall as 50 story buildings!!! Wind farms are comprised of many wind turbines placed strategically Wind farm in the Midwest.

12. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 12 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Inside the Wind Turbine The Nacelle: Where wind becomes electricity.

13. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 13 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Science Concepts Students NEED to Know Density Pressure Kinetic Molecular Theory Lift Force Newton’s Laws of Motion Speed Elevation and Topography Climate Energy Transfer, Transformation and Conservation Electricity Series and Parallel Circuits Power, Volts, and Amps Technological Design and Experimentation

14. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 14 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Overview of Today WIND ENERGY CURRICULUM What’s in the Handout? POGIL Models – Investigating the Force of Wind » Do Models 1 and 2 (Matter and Density) – pp. 6-8 » Do Model 8 (Hot Air Balloons) – pp. 26-17 DEMOS Warm fluid rises? Hot air balloons LABS Effect of topography on wind Investigating generators and turbines CHALLENGE Build the most efficient turbine by modifying blade design EXTENSION Creating a wind farm CLOSING and EVALUATION

15. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 15 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Thank you!!!!  Information about borrowing kits will be sent to you via email  Please sign up for the next Hot Topics Workshop on Bioenergy taking place on Saturday, February 5 th. Rachel Ruggirello ruggirello@wustl.edu Paul Markovits markovits@wustl.edu

16. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 16 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. WIND TURBINE BLADE DESIGN Examples of Wind Turbines of a Variety of Blade Materials, Numbers, Orientation, and Pitch

17. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 17 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Carter Wind Turbines Ltd

18. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 18 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Garrad Hassan

19. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 19 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center.

20. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 20 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: National Energy Education Development Project

21. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 21 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Lysippos, Wikimedia Commons author

22. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 22 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center.

23. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 23 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Aerogenerator X – compare to a sycamore seed because it rotates on its axis Source: The Guardian

24. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 24 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Hummer Wind Turbines

25. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 25 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Hummer Wind Turbines

26. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 26 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Honeywell Wind Turbines

27. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 27 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: World News

28. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 28 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Green Terra Firma

29. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 29 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Domestic Fuel

30. Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 30 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Source: Treehugger.com