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Published byCharlotte King Modified over 9 years ago
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Anatomy Tissue Level of Organization
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FIVE TYPES OF TISSUE Epithelia Connective Membranes Muscle Neural
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Epithelia characteristics Always has a free surface Always attached to a basement membrane Does NOT contain blood vessels (avascular) Basement membrane
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Epithelia Functions provides physical protection controls permeability provides sensation touch receptors temperature receptors pain receptors pressure receptors produces specialized secretions (gland cells)
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Epithelial surface Cilia – moves materials along a passageway Microvilli – increases surface area for absorption
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Basement membrane – layer of cells between epithelial and connective tissue
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Classification of Epithelia By number of layers – Simple – one layer of cells over basement – Stratified- several layers of cells over basement
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Classification of Epithelia By Shape – Squamous, – Cuboidal – columnar
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Classification at work: tissue types Simple Squamous Simple cuboidal
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Classification at work: tissue types Simple Columnar Pseudostratified
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Classification at work: tissue types transitional Stratified squamous
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Glandular – epithelial tissue Produces secretions in endocrine or exocrine glands
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Renewal and repair – by stem cells (germ cells) deep in layer
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Connective Tissues Characteristics Deep tissue Vascular Never exposed
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Connective Tissues Functions Support and protection (bones) Transport material (fluids: blood and lymph) Storing energy reserves (fats) Defending the body (antibodies) Bone Blood Fat tissueAntibody
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Connective Tissue-Classification 3 types of connective tissue – Connective tissue proper – tissue under skin, fatty tissue, tendons and ligaments – Fluid connective tissues (blood and lymph) – Supporting connective tissues (cartilage and bone) Proper Cartilage
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Connective tissue proper- cell types Fibroblasts most abundant Maintain and produce connective tissue and ground substance MacrophagesMacrophages – eat bad cells and pathogenspathogens Adipocytes – fat cells Mast Cells – begin body’s defense
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Fibers found in Connective tissue proper Collagen – long straight and unbranched Elastic – branched and wavy – will stretch and return shape
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Fibers found in Connective tissue proper, con’t Reticular – network, branching and interwoven Ground substance – fills spaces outside cells Matrix = ground substance + fibers
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Types of connective tissue Loose connective tissue (areolar) Adipose tissue – fat tissue Dense connective tissue
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Fluid Connective tissue Blood – Red blood cells – White blood cells – Platelets (clotting) Lymph- removes debris White blood cell surrounding bacteria Platelets beginning to clot
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Supporting connective tissue Cartilage – Hyaline – most common (ribs to sternum, etc) – Elastic – more flexible – outer ear, epiglottis, tip of nose – Fibrocartilage – between vertebrae – not much ground substance Bone BONE
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Membranes Combined epithilial and connective tissue Types – Mucous – line cavities Types – Serous – internal cavities, pleural, pericardium, peritoneum Serous carcinoma
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Membranes, con’t Combined epithilial and connective tissue – Cutaneous- covers surface of body – Synovial – at joints
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Muscle Tissue Types – Skeletal – Cardiac – smooth
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Neural Tissue Conducts electricity Composed of – Neurons- Neuroglia Neurons
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Injury Inflammation – swelling, warmth, redness, pain
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Repair Regeneration – repair process Regeneration
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Aging Tissues
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Fabulous web pages to practice – These are hyperlinks – you must be in the slide mode to access them ! Histology topicsHistology topics use the “quiz mode to practice More Practice EVEN MORE PRACTICE One more One more – some good reading and picture review http://www.tvcc.edu/depts/biology/HotPot/A&P/cells_tissues.htm I don’t think I don’t think I included this one above!!
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