1. Muscle Anatomy 2014

2. Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle

3. What Do You Know??? Qwickqwiz 1.Which are striated? 2.Which moves bones? 3.Which moves oxygen, nutrients and CO2? 4.Which moves food bolus? 5.Which is/are involuntary? 6.Which require(s) thought for the movement to happen? 7.Which is composed of nervous tissue, connective tissue and blood vessels?

4. Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Each muscle consists of… 1.Connective tissue 2.Skeletal muscle tissue (fibers) 3.Nerves 4.Blood vessels

6. 1. _________ ___ Connective Tissues Tendons – Attach muscle to bone Fascia – skeletal muscles are separated from adjacent muscles and held in positions by these layers of dense connective tissues ▫Fascia surround each muscle and may project beyond the end of its muscle fibers to form tendons Aponeuroses – attach muscles to other muscles

7. 1. _______ ___ Connective Tissues cont. Epimysium – separates entire muscle from other tissues, surrounds skeletal muscle Perimysium – separates muscle tissue into smaller sections called fascicles Endomysium – surrounds the individual muscle fibers

8. 1. Connective Tissues

10. 2. _________ __ Connective Tissues Supports and protect muscle cells Form tendons Provide force for contractions Create areas for blood vessels and nerves to pass through

12. 2. Muscle Fibers

13. Muscle Fibers A skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell Sarcolemma – unique cell membrane of a muscle fiber Sarcoplasm – cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

14. Muscle Fibers

15. The sarcolemma forms tubes that travel into the sarcoplasm at right angles ▫Transverse Tubules (T Tubules) Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions during muscle contraction and absorb them during relaxation

16. Muscle Fibers

17. Myofibrils Myofibrils are made of 2 types of protein molecules called myofilaments ▫Thick myofilaments: Myosin ▫Thin myofilaments: Actin Thick and thin myofilaments are organized into repeating units called sarcomeres

19. Sarcomeres

20. Sarcomeres – A closer look

23. Naming muscle groups Most skeletal muscles have names that describe some feature of the muscle ▫Size:  Vastus (huge); Maximus (large); Longus (long); Minimus (small); Brevis (short) ▫Shape:  Deltoid (triangular); Latissimus (wide); Teres (round); Trapezius (trapezoid like)

24. Naming muscle groups ▫Direction of fibers:  Recuts (straight); Transverse (across); Oblique (diagonally); Orbicularis (round) ▫Location:  Pectoralis (chest); Gluteus (butt); Brachii (arm); Supra (above); Infra (below); Sub (under or beneath); Lateralis (lateral)

25. Naming muscle groups ▫Origin and Insertion:  Sternocleidomastoideus (origin on the sternum, clavivle, insertion on the mastoid process); Brachioradialis (origin on the brachium or arm, insertion on the radius)

26. All of the Skeletal Muscles! abductor digiti minimi (in the hand), abductor digiti minimi (in the foot), abductor hallucis, abductor ossis metatarsi quinti, abductor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus, adductor brevis, adductor hallucis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor pollicis, anconeus, anterior scalene, articularis genus, biceps brachii, biceps femoris, brachialis, brachioradialis, buccinator, coracobrachialis, corrugator supercilii, deltoid, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, digastric, dorsal interossei (in the hand), dorsal interossei (in the foot), extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis brevis, extensor hallucis longus, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digiti minimi brevis (in the hand), flexor digiti minimi brevis (in the foot), flexor digitorum brevis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor hallucis longus, flexor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis longus, frontalis, gastrocnemius, geniohyoid, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gracilis, iliocostalis cervicis, iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, illiacus, inferior gemellus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, infraspinatus, interspinalis, intertransversi, lateral pterygoid, lateral rectus, latissimus dorsi, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator palpebrae superioris, levator scapulae, long rotators, longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus thoracis, longus capitis, longus colli, lumbricals (in the hand), lumbricals (in the foot), masseter, medial pterygoid, medial rectus, middle scalene, multifidus, mylohyoid, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior, obturator externus, obturator internus, occipitalis, omohyoid, opponens digiti minimi, opponens pollicis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, palmar interossei, palmaris brevis, palmaris longus, pectineus, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius, piriformis, plantar interossei, plantaris, platysma, popliteus, posterior scalene, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, psoas major, quadratus femoris, quadratus plantae, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus femoris, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, risorius, sartorius, scalenus minimus, semimembranosus, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, semitendinosus, serratus anterior, short rotators, soleus, spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis thoracis, splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, stylohyoid, subclavius, subscapularis, superior gemellus, superior oblique, superior rectus, supinator, supraspinatus, temporalis, tensor fascia lata, teres major, teres minor, thoracis, thyrohyoid, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, trapezius, triceps brachii, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor.

27. 20 Muscles to know! Head Zygomaticus Frontalis Obicularis oculi Masseter Neck Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Chest Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi External Oblique Abs Rectus abdominis Arms Deltoid Brachialis Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Legs Sartorius Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Tensor fascialatae Vestus medialis