1. Computers Are Your Future © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

2. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 2 Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Computing

3. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 3 What You Will Learn About  Enterprise computing  Business processes and their flow within an organization  Information systems that are managed in a centralized vs. distributed manner  The tools that are commonly used in enterprise computing  Enterprise storage systems  Electronic data interchange  Teleconferencing  Telecommuting and workgroup commuting

4. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 4 Enterprise Computing  An enterprise is a business organization.  Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within a business.

5. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 5 Business Processes and Activities  Business processes are activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization’s customers.  Information systems are used to give a business a competitive advantage. Enterprise Information Customer Employees Partners Suppliers

6. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 6 Enterprise Systems  Enterprise systems are information systems that allow companies to integrate information across operations on an organization-wide basis.  Enterprise systems:  Provide a common information storage area available to all corporate users  Help companies find ways to increase goods and services, customer satisfaction, and profitability  Are composed of hardware, software, people, and procedures

7. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 7 Enterprise Systems  Globalization refers to conducting business internationally, where the transaction of goods and services is transparent to the consumer.

8. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 8 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures  Centralized structures are managed by a central IT department.  Each network entity contains the same software and configuration settings.

9. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 9 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures  Distributed structures enable each user to customize their technology tools.  Each network entity contains its own software and configuration settings.

10. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 10 Business Process Reengineering (BPR)  Business process reengineering is the use of information technology to bring about major changes and cost savings in an organization.

11. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 11 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Currency:  All technology in an organization is more or less current.  Technology users have a certain comfort level in using the technology.  Tension exists between the current system and the most current technology available.

12. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 12 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Upgrading:  Things to consider when upgrading technology:  Impact on the user  Will hardware need to be upgraded?  Cost of the upgrade  Centralized structures are easier and less costly to upgrade than distributed structures.

13. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 13 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Maintenance:  Centralized structures are easier and less costly to maintain than distributed structures.  Users must be trained to use the new technology. Scalability:  Scalability is how well a hardware or software system can adapt to increased demands.  Scalability ensures an organization’s systems won’t become obsolete as user needs and demands grow.

14. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Interoperability:  Interoperability is the ability of software and hardware from different vendors to share data.  All computers on a network can interact seamlessly. Disaster Recovery  A disaster recover plan is a written plan with detailed instructions on what is to be done if disaster strikes.

15. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 15 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Adding Workstations and Applications:  Problems can occur as new workstations and applications are added.  Single point of failure (SPOF) is when a failure of any one component will cause a malfunction in an entire system.

16. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 16 Applying Technology in the Enterprise Adding a Network:  Zero configuration (Zeroconf) is a method used to network devices via an Ethernet cable that doesn’t require configuration and administration.

17. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 17 Tools for Enterprise Computing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):  Software that integrates all facets of a business  Replaces standalone computer systems with a single unified software program  Drawbacks of ERP systems:  One department impacts every other department in the organization.  Resistance to change can lead to failure.  Cost and time to implement the system may be prohibitive.

18. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 18 Tools for Enterprise Computing Customer Relationship Management (CRM):  CRM software tracks interactions between a company and its customers with a focus on customer retention.  Computerization has changed the way organizations manage their customers; more of the relationship is being managed electronically. Sales Force Automation (SFA):  SFA uses software to automate sales tasks: processing and tracking orders, managing contacts, monitoring inventory, analyzing sales forecasts.

19. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 19 Tools for Enterprise Computing Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL):  XBRL is an XML-based specification for publishing the financial information of an enterprise.  XML data tags are based on standardized accounting definitions. Application Service Providers (ASP):  Third-party entities that manage and distribute software- based services are known as ASPs.  Enterprises can outsource their information technology needs to ASPs.

20. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 20 Tools for Enterprise Computing Operational Support System (OSS):  A suite of programs that enables an enterprise to monitor, analyze, and manage a network system Enterprise Application Integration (EAI):  A combination of processes, software, standards, and hardware that integrates two or more enterprise systems  Enables sharing of data  Four categories of EAI:  Database linking  Applications linking  Data warehousing  Common virtual system

21. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 21 Enterprise Storage Systems Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID):  A RAID device is two or more disk drives used in combination for fault tolerance and performance.  All information is recorded on both disk drives.  Redundancy is the key.

22. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 22 Enterprise Storage Systems CD/DVD Jukeboxes:  Enable storing, managing, accessing, and sharing DVD- ROMs and CDs Network-Attached Storage (NAS):  Server dedicated to file sharing  Provides data to the user

23. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 23 Enterprise Storage Systems Storage Area Network (SAN):  High-speed subnetwork of shared storage devices  All storage devices made available to all servers Network-Attached Storage (NAS):  High performance devices for data and file sharing  Only supplies data to users

24. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 24 Enterprisewide Technologies Web Portals:  Web sites that offer an array of resources and services are called Web portals.  AOL was one of the first portals.  The centralized management areas help create consistent business processes. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI):  EDI provides as set of standards for the transfer of data between different companies using networks.  It is used as a mechanism for companies to buy, sell, and trade information.

25. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 25 Enterprisewide Technologies Intranet :  An intranet is a network based on TCP/IP protocols accessible only by an organization’s members.  Intranets are used to share information.

26. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 26 Enterprisewide Technologies Extranet:  An extranet is an Intranet that is accessible to authorized outsiders.  Extranets allow business partners to share information. Virtual Private Network (VPN):  A VPN is constructed by using public wires that are leased to only one company to connect nodes.  Encryption and security measures ensure only authorized users can access the network.

27. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 27 Enterprisewide Technologies  Computer-based training (CBT) is a form of computer-based education that uses multimedia, animation, and programmed learning.  Web-based training (WBT) is CBT using the Internet or an intranet.

28. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 28 Enterprisewide Technologies Teleconferencing:  When two or more people use telecommunication and computers to conduct business activities

29. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 29 Enterprisewide Technologies Telecommuting:  Connecting to the office using telecommunications and computers from home

30. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 30 Enterprisewide Technologies Workgroup computing:  Specific hardware and software that enables a group of people to connect, communicate, and collaborate Groupware:  Software that provides support for the information needs of workgroups

31. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 31 Chapter 14 Summary  Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within an organization or business.  Business processes are activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization’s customers.  In a centralized structure, the management of technology is centered in the IT department.

32. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 32 Chapter 14 Summary (continued)  Tools commonly used in enterprise computing include:  Enterprise resource planning (ERP)  Customer relationship management (CRM)  Sales force automation (SFA)  Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)  Application service providers (ASPs)  Operational support systems (OSS)  Enterprise application integration (EAI)  Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) employs two or more drives that contain the same data in combination for fault tolerance and performance.

33. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Slide 33 Chapter 14 Summary (continued)  Electronic data exchange is a set of standards that specify how to transfer data and documents using networks.  Teleconferencing is conducting business using telecommunications and computer equipment by more than two people separated by distance.  An employee who works from home while connected to a business is telecommuting.