1. Chapter Fourteen Questionnaire Development Angela Gillis & Winston Jackson Nursing Research: Methods and interpretation

2. Questionnaire Design General Guidelines Types of Questions Illustrated Steps and Rules for Questionnaire Design Rules for Ordering, Formatting, & Presenting

3. General Guidelines Consult respondent Keep it short Precise measurement

4. Types of Questions Illustrated Precoded, single choice questions 4. What year of schoolare you in? Freshman ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ - ‑ - 1  Sophomore ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ - - - 2  Junior ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ --- ‑‑‑‑ 3  Senior ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ - - - ‑ 4 

5. Single Choice Question

6. Open-ended Questions

8. Use open-ended when... Too many response categories (yr. of birth) you don’t wish to impose categories on respondent “really” consulting respondent qualitative--source of quotations determining appropriate categorization change-in-pace for respondent

9. Presence-absence questions

10. Rank Ordering Questions

11. Likert Style Questions

12. Tips for Likert Style Questions “and” alert: avoid multidimentional “and” alert: avoid multidimentional “strongly agree” always on right side avoid double negatives--use direct negative statements vary “strength of wording” to produce variation in response make all respondents feel comfortable

13. Steps in Questionnaire Design List variables Anticipate how analysis will be done write wordings on index cards (one per Q) review conceptual definitions develop wordings

14. Developing wordings Simple wordings, common understanding watch for “and” alert vary wording to produce variation in replies avoid difficult tasks--KISS use existing wording if comparative study take edge off sensitive questions no speculation on hypothesis

15. Develop Wordings (2) Be precise--but not overly… Pre-test questionnaire Pilot study

16. Ordering the Questions Introduce--use blurb to introduce survey and to assure confidentiality and anonymity ease them into it key and repeated questions at 1/3 point group questions by type--don’t jerk around

17. Formatting the Questions begin conditioning respondents anticipate computer data entry vary placement of response categories clearly indicate branching don’t squeeze distinctive look

18. Question Styles

19. Question Styles (2)

20. Branching Questions

21. Sample Questionnaires There are 150 (or so) questionnaires on the Website for the text. These include those used in surveys developed with students for Sociology & Nursing 300 projects. You can look them up by topic or by author. See: www.stfx.ca/people/agillis Click on FA Davis Book