1. Chapter 17 Section 1

2. Shorthand Chemical Symbol:
The shorthand way to write the name for an element
Symbols are written three ways:
1 capital letter
1 capital letter and one small letter
1 capital letter and two small letters

3. Shorthand How were the chemical symbols picked?
1st letter of the elements name
1st letter of its name and another letter from its name
Some are derived from Latin
Some honor scientists, places, or the elements properties

4. Shorthand Examples
O =
Na =
Hg =
Au =
Al =
Ca =

5. Atomic Components How many atoms is an element made of? Atom:
1 type of atom
Atom:
Smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties of the element

6. Atomic Components
What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom?
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Where can we find protons and neutrons?
In the nucleus

7. Atomic Components What are the charges for the subatomic particles?
Protons
Positive
Neutrons
Neutral
Electrons
Negative

8. Quarks Are electrons composed of smaller particles?No
Are protons and neutrons make up of smaller particles?
Yes
What are they called?
Quarks

9. Quarks Currently there are six different quarks
Scientists hypothesize that three quarks held together with strong nuclear force makes a proton
Another arrangement with three quarks makes a neutron

10. 6th Quark
It took nearly 450 scientists over several years to find the 6th quark
Only one billionth of a percent of the proton collisions showed the presence of the sixth quark
Referred to as the top quark

11. Finding Quarks
Scientists accelerate charged particles to very fast speeds
Force them to collide with protons
This causes them to break apart
They can then examine the particles that result from the collision

12. Changing Atomic Model Did we always know that there were atoms?
It was originally thought that matter was uniform throughout and not composed of smaller particles
In the 1800s Dalton found proof that atoms exist

13. Electron Cloud 1926 the electron cloud model was developed
Area around the nucleus of an atom where its electrons are most likely found
It is impossible to describe the exact location of an electron in the cloud