1. Juan Fernando Polanco 8A

2. CONTENTS  OBJECTIVE  DEFINITIONS  DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS METALS  LET’S FIND THE PATTERN  SUMMARY  BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. OBJECTIVE To explain the relationship between the reactivity of a metal and the time when it was discovered

4. DEFINITIONS  Reactivity of a metal: The reaction level of a metal is measured by many different tests. They see how it reacts with water, acids and they also do many single displacement with the ores of many metals  Isolation of metals: Isolating a metal is when you purify the metal. When they are dug up they are usually combined with oxides and sulphides. So isolation is removing the unwanted compounds

5. POTASSIUM  Name: Potassium  Symbol: K  Atomic number: 19  Atomic weight: 39.0983 (1)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 1  Group name: Alkali metal  Color: silvery white  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1807 by Humphry Davy  2

6. SODIUM  Name: Sodium  Symbol: Na  Atomic number: 11  Atomic weight: 22.98976928 (2)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 1  Group name: Alkali metal  Color: silvery white  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1807 by Humphry Davy  3

7. LITHIUM  Name: Lithium  Symbol: Li  Atomic number: 3  Atomic weight: 6.941 (2)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 1  Group name: Alkali metal  Colour: silvery white/grey  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1800 by José Bonifácio de Andrade Silva  4

8. CALCIUM  Name: Calcium  Symbol: Ca  Atomic number: 20  Atomic weight: 40.078 (4)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 2  Group name: Alkaline earth metal  Colour: silvery white  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1808 by Humphry Davy  5

9. MAGNESIUM  Name: Magnesium  Symbol: Mg  Atomic number: 12  Atomic weight: 24.3050 (6)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 2  Group name: Alkaline earth metal  Colour: silvery white  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1808 by Humphry Davy  6

10. ALUMINIUM  Name: Aluminium  Symbol: Al  Atomic number: 13  Atomic weight: 26.9815386 (8)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 13  Group name: (none)  Colour: silvery  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1808 by Humphry Davy  7

11. ZINC  Name: Zinc  Symbol: Zn  Atomic number: 30  Atomic weight: 65.38 (2)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 12  Group name: (none)  Colour: bluish pale grey  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1746  8

12. IRON  Name: Iron  Symbol: Fe  Atomic number: 26  Atomic weight: 55.845 (2)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 8  Group name: (none)  Colour: lustrous, metallic, grayish tinge  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: ~2000BC  9

13. TIN  Name: Tin  Symbol: Sn  Atomic number: 50  Atomic weight: 118.710 (7)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 14  Group name: (none)  Colour: silvery lustrous grey  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: ~3000BC  10

14. LEAD  Name: Lead  Symbol: Pb  Atomic number: 82  Atomic weight: 207.2 (1)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 14  Group name: (none)  Colour: bluish white  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: Around 6400 BC not sure  11

15. COPPER  Name: Copper  Symbol: Cu  Atomic number: 29  Atomic weight: 63.546 (3)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 11  Group name: Coinage metal  Colour: copper, metallic  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: Around 9000 BC not sure  12

16. SILVER  Name: Silver  Symbol: Ag  Atomic number: 47  Atomic weight: 107.8682 (2)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 11  Group name: Coinage metal  Colour: silver  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: ~ 5000 BC  13

17. GOLD  Name: Gold  Symbol: Au  Atomic number: 79  Atomic weight: 196.966569 (4)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 11  Group name: Coinage metal  Colour: gold  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: ~ 5000 BC  14

18. PLATINUM  Name: Platinum  Symbol: Pt  Atomic number: 78  Atomic weight: 195.084 (9)  Standard state: solid at 298 K  Group in periodic table: 10  Group name: Precious metal or platinum group metal  Colour: grayish white  Classification: Metallic  Discovery: 1735 Antonio de Ulloa  15

19. LET’S FIND THE PATTERN  Since very reactive metals are harder to extract, it is unsurprising that they remained not extracted, and hence undiscovered, for a greater length of time (1)  If you look at those metals which are less reactive, like gold, silver copper, they were all found long time ago that is because they are not very reactive so it is easier to isolate them

20. LET’S FIND THE PATTERN  For example you can find gold as nuggets laying around and you don’t need to extract it  But potassium is harder to find you would need to extract it from a compound of the pure metal, oxides and sulphides  That is because such reactive metals are found in components and so in order to get the metal you need isolate it from the other element, and to do this process you must use a more reactive metal which will take away the electrons and separate the metal from the element

21. SUMMARY  So the relationship between the reactivity of a metal and when it was discovered is, that the more reactive a metal is, the longer it takes to discover because its combined with to form a compound and its harder to extract than those which are not as reactive and would rather be easier to extract or would be laying around like gold.

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23. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A3935955 http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A3935955 2. http://www.webelements.com/potassium/ http://www.webelements.com/potassium/ 3. http://www.webelements.com/sodium/ http://www.webelements.com/sodium/ 4. http://www.webelements.com/lithium/ http://www.webelements.com/lithium/ 5. http://www.webelements.com/calcium/ http://www.webelements.com/calcium/ 6. http://www.webelements.com/magnesium/http://www.webelements.com/magnesium/ 7. http://www.webelements.com/aluminium/ http://www.webelements.com/aluminium/ 8. http://www.webelements.com/zinc/ http://www.webelements.com/zinc/ 9. http://www.webelements.com/iron/ http://www.webelements.com/iron/ 10. http://www.webelements.com/tin/ http://www.webelements.com/tin/ 11. http://www.webelements.com/lead/ http://www.webelements.com/lead/ 12. http://www.webelements.com/copper/ http://www.webelements.com/copper/ 13. http://www.webelements.com/silver/ http://www.webelements.com/silver/ 14. http://www.webelements.com/gold/ http://www.webelements.com/gold/ 15. http://www.webelements.com/platinum/ http://www.webelements.com/platinum/