1. 3 Divisions of Non-vascular Non-seed plants
Scientific Names
Hepaticophyta
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta
Common Names
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses

2. Evolution of Plants – We’ll start at the beginning with the non-vascular plants.

3. Why move to land? More CO2 More sunlight No pathogens (diseases)
No predators (no herbivores – they didn’t exist yet!)
Nutrient rich soil

4. Common characteristics among non-vascular non-seed plants
Small
No true organs (stems, roots, leaves) because they have no vascular tissue
Stomata (pores where H2O is lost) are always open
Must have H2O for reproduction
The gametophyte generation is dominant

5. Hepaticophyta Liverworts
Ancestors of all plants
May be thallose (lobed leaves) or leafy (thin leaves
Rhizoids anchor them to the ground.

6. Liverwort sporophyte

7. Liverwort sporophyte growing out of the gametophyte

8. Gemmae on a thallose liverwort– a means of asexual reproduction.

9. Leafy liverwort

10. Bryophyta Mosses The most diverse division of the 3.
Have elongated cells to conduct H2O
Rhizoids to anchor
Some can live in deserts, others submerged in H2O

11. Reproductive life cycle of Mosses

12. Moss sporophytes growing out of the moss gametophyte

13. Moss sporophyte

14. Another moss

15. Cutting peat in a peat bog

16. The Bog Man
This man died approximately 2000 years ago and was preserved in a peat bog.
Because the bog is extremely acidic and contains very little oxygen it prevents the microorganisms that cause decay from developing.

17. Anthocerophyta Hornworts
Cells usually contain one chloroplast
Many work together with nitrogen fixing bacteria
Sporophyte is similar to vascular plants