1. QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Editor: Stephen Murray

2. OVERALL FRAMEWORK

3. KEEP IN MIND THAT … Qualitative research generally deals in words, images and the subjective Quantitative research generally deals in numbers, logic and the objective

4. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Research used in range of activities from exploratory designs to means of completing explanations Qualitative research assumes that people have meaningful actions or experiences that can be interpreted Agenda ➢ Definition ➢ When to use? ➢ Types ➢ FOCUS GROUPS ➢ IN DEPTH INTERVIEW ➢ PROJECTIVE TECH. ➢ Pros&Cons

5. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH POPULARITY COMES FROM: *ECONOMICAL *FLEXIBLE *OPENS A DOOR TO “WHY, HOW” *RICHNESS OF DATA *BEST TO START WITH...

6. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH FOCUS GROUPS Characteristics: 6-12 people Lead by a trained moderator in-depth discussion on 1 particular topic or concept Relaxed, informal atmosphere Agenda ➢ Definition ➢ When to use? ➢ Types ➢ FOCUS GROUPS ➢ IN DEPTH INTERVIEW ➢ PROJECTIVE TECH. ➢ Pros&Cons

7. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative Research: Examples Case studies on effect of vocational training in Papua Ethnographic studies on indigenous populations in Oaxaca, Mexico Qualitative Research Types: Case studies Developmental research Historical research Ethnograph studies

8. Characteristics of Case Studies: It gives very detailed information about individuals / group / community It may give a detailed explanation of a complete life cycle or part of it Number of cases studied may be small but the number of variables studied are usually more in-depth (e.g. if compared to a survey) Case Studies: Purpose: to do an in depth study In brief: Background, current status and/or environmental factors that interact for each group (individual, institution or community)

9. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW Characteristics: A well trained interviewer+interviewee Interviewee is exposed to set of probing questions Usually face to face Interviewer encourages the interviewee to talk more Goal: To collect as much as memory, attitudinal and behavioral data from the subject Agenda ➢ Definition ➢ When to use? ➢ Types ➢ FOCUS GROUPS ➢ IN DEPTH INTERVIEW ➢ PROJECTIVE TECH. ➢ Pros&Cons

10. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW Applications: -Interviews with professionals -Interviews with witnesses -When detailed probing is needed -Discussion of sensitive, confidential issues -When strong, social norms exist -Interviews with competitors

11. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SURVEY SURVEY METHOD: STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE GIVEN TO A SAMPLE OF A POPULATION DESIGNED TO GAIN SPECIFIC INFORMATION

12. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - SURVEY Traditional Telephone Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing Mail Interview Mail Panel In-Home By appointment Random Personal Interviewing E-mail Internet Survey Methods TelephonePersonalMailElectronic

13. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - EXPERIMENTATION EXPERIMENTATION METHOD: Scientific investigation in which an investigator manipulates and controls one or more independent variables and observes the dependent variable for variation concomitant to the manipulation of the independent variables.*

14. COMPARISON OF QUALITATIVE-QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS QUALITATIVEQUANTITATIVE Research Objectives Discovery of new ideas,insights and feelings Validation of facts,estimates, relationships Type Of ResearchUsually exploratory Descriptive and causal Type Of Questions Open-ended,semi- structured, unstructured, probing Mostly structured