1. Nuclear Chemistry What’s going on here?

2. Sub-Atomic Particles  What are atoms made of?  name symbollocationmasscharge  Electrone - orbitalsnegligible* -  Protonp + nucleus 1 atomic mass unit +  Neutronn o nucleus 1* amu 0  What are protons & neutrons made of?  Quarks! up, down, strange, charm…

3. Elements & Isotopes  For every element, the atomic number is the number of protons (and electrons in an electrically neutral atom).  The mass number is the total number of nucleons (protons & neutrons) in the nucleus.  Atoms (of the same element) that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.  Isotopes are named by there mass number. (carbon-14)

4. Radioactivity – a hot topic!  Isotopes with too many (or too few) neutrons are unstable. (The further from the atomic weight, the more unstable.)  To become stable, they give off radiation in process called radioactive decay.  Radioactive decay changes the mass number and/or the atomic number until the atom reaches a more stable isotope.  Radioactive decay also releases energy in the form of radiation. (alpha, beta & gamma…)

5. Nuclear Radiation – It’s hot!  Name symbolcomposition penetration/damage  Alpha  2p + & 2n o low / high  Beta  e - medium  Gamma  EMR (high f light)high / low  Positron*e + anti matter!!!medium

6. Nuclear Reactions – You’re hot!  Decay – spontaneous breakdown of unstable nuclii  Step by step trip to stability  most stable isotope  Extra protons  beta decay (increases atomic number)  Extra neutrons  alpha decay (decreases Mass# & atomic #)  Characterised by a unique rate of decay  half-life  Fission – splitting heavy nuclii  Nuclear reactors & atomic bombs, dangerous waste  Fusion – joining light nuclii  Stars & H (hydrogen) bombs, requires ultra-high P & T