2. 1) Green substance, or chemical, that captures solar energy. 2) Plants without different types of tissue for carrying water and nutrients. 3) Stage during which plants produce spores. 4) Chemical reaction that produces sugar from CO 2, H 2 0, and light energy. 5) Cells with a nucleus and other organelles. chlorophyll nonvascular sporophyte photosynthesis eukaryotic

3. 6) Earlier, unicellular ancestor of plants. 7) Capable of producing its own food (through photosynthesis). 8) Non-flowering plants that hold their seeds in a cone, rather than in a fruit. 9) Organelle that stores water within a cell. 10) Outer cell layer that allows certain things in or out. green algae autotrophic gymnosperm vacuole cell membrane

4. 11) Rigid structure that surrounds a plant cell. 12) Organelle that contains chlorophyll. 13) Stage during which a plant produces its sex cells, called gametes. 14) An organism consisting of more than one cell. 15) Plants with specialized tissue which transports substances, similar to the way our veins transport blood. cell wall chloroplast gametophyte multicellular vascular

5. 16) Flowering plants that become pollinated before producing seeds and fruit. 17) Waxy outer coating of a leaf, which helps it retain its moisture. 18) Mini-organ that carries out a specific function within a cell. 19) Ability of a membrane to allow certain substances in and out. 20) A woody carbohydrate (sugar) which makes the cell wall. angiosperm cuticle organelle semi-permeable cellulose

6. Eukaryotic  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Multicellular  Autotrophic  Autotrophic  Terrestrial  Terrestrial  Cell wall  Cell wall  Energy storage  Energy storage  cells have nucleus and other organelles make their own food using chlorophyll (through photosynthesis) almost all live on land made of a carbohydrate called cellulose (a type of sugar) made of multiple cells stored as sugars (short term) and starch (longer term)

7. Leaf cells under a regular light microscope (400x) A single plant cell under the high magnification of an electron microscope Remember, a lot of these organelles are hard to see under a light microscope because they are clear. What is this?

9. C. cell membrane  F. nucleus  B. cell wall  G. chloroplasts  D. cytoplasm  E. vacuole  Rigid outer structure of the cell; made of cellulose Flexible layer within the cell wall; allows materials in and out (semi-permeable) Liquid gel within the membrane Water storage Holds the DNA Green organelles that perform photosynthesis A. organelles  Mini “organs” within the cell Each group define one term:

10. Sketch in PENCIL! Use green colored pencil for chloroplasts Draw what you see!

11. Different types of Green Algae Single-celled or colonial Single-celled or colonial Actually considered protists, not plants Actually considered protists, not plants Evolved around 425 million years ago Evolved around 425 million years ago

12. Photosynthesis (with chlorophyll) Photosynthesis (with chlorophyll) Cell wall made of cellulose Cell wall made of cellulose Both store energy as sugar and starch Both store energy as sugar and starch Modern Gymnosperm Primitive Plant (kelp)

15. AlgaeAlgae Plants VascularNonvascular SeedsSeedless Moss, liverwort, hornwort, etc. AngiospermGymnospermFerns Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Multicellular Multicellular Autotrophic Autotrophic Cell wall Cell wall Waxy cuticle Waxy cuticle Sexual reproduction Flowering Seeds in fruit Sexual reproduction Coniferous Seeds in cone Reproduce with spores Obtains food and water through diffusion onlyPastPresent

16. 10 min.

17. 1)What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis? 2)How do nonvascular plants transport water? 3)What is one way plants keep from drying out?

18. Liverwort Hornwort What do all these plants have in common? Mosses

19. Transportation of nutrients and water via cell-by-cell contact Equilibrium OSMOSIS

20. So moss just absorbs water through diffusion. But how do other plants get water out to the tips of the branches? Water molecules enter through the roots and travel out through veins of the leaf Then, water diffuses from cell to cell until every cell has the water it needs to carry out… PHOTOSYNTHESIS

21. Can you see the vascular tissue?

22. Ferns Fiddleheads

23. sori (hold the spores)

25. Nonvascular Seedless vascular Ferns and horsetails Ferns and horsetails First plants to have vascular tissue (Xylem and Phloem) First plants to have vascular tissue (Xylem and Phloem) Vascular tissue Vascular tissue Sperm with flagella Sperm with flagella Rhizome (thick underground stem, or root) Rhizome (thick underground stem, or root) Sexual reproduction (with spores) Sexual reproduction (with spores) Formed vast forests 300 MYA. Those remains are now coal Formed vast forests 300 MYA. Those remains are now coal Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts First plants to adapt to life on land (very simple) First plants to adapt to life on land (very simple) No vascular tissue No vascular tissue Sperm has flagella and swim to fertilize egg Sperm has flagella and swim to fertilize egg Absorb nutrients and water through a rhizoid (tiny root hairs) Absorb nutrients and water through a rhizoid (tiny root hairs) Sexual reproduction (with spores) Sexual reproduction (with spores)

26. Rhizoids  “root-like”

27. ginger root Plants with rhizomes are hard to get rid of because even when the stems and roots die off, it can still shoot out more roots the next year. Rhizome  Thick, underground stem, which roots grow from. Rhizomes store energy for the next growing season. Fern rhizome

28. RhizomeRhizoid Found in ferns and other vascular plants Found in ferns and other vascular plants Found in nonvascular plants (moss) Found in nonvascular plants (moss) Tiny “root-like” hairs Tiny “root-like” hairs Horizontal underground stem Horizontal underground stem Stores energy for the winter Stores energy for the winter Absorb water and nutrients; Under- ground

29. Sporophyte  Gametophyte  Produces spores which grow into a male or female gametophyte. Produces gametes (sperm and egg) contains spores

30. sporophytes gametophytes Draw what you see in the space provided in Part IV: Describe what each part does.

31. Moss with sporophytes Ferns fiddleheads or leaves with spores

32. Operculum  lid of the spore capsule Peristomal teeth  hold the lid in place Spores inside the capsule of the sporophyte Sori on underside of fern frond Thousands of spores inside each sporangium

33. Operculum  lid of the spore capsule Peristomal teeth  hold the lid in place Spores inside the capsule of the sporophyte