1. Chapter 13 Changes on the Western Frontier

2. Great Plains Indians 1. The Horse 2. The Buffalo 3. Family Life

3. The Lure of Gold and Silver began to run rampant among settlers in the East

4. Tensions began to mount Sand Creek Massacre Death on the Bozeman Trail Sioux Chief Red Cloud Crazy Horse

5. Fort Laramie

6. Treaty of Fort Laramie US Closed the Bozeman Trail Sioux agreed to move to reservation Sitting Bull only Sioux who did not sign treaty

7. Sitting Bull Continued to protest the white man’s invasion of their lands Famous for the wild west shows he was apart of Would meet the only man who had a chance a destroying the Sioux Nation

8. General George A. Custer Red Headed Flamboyant Cocky Confident Hot tempered Stubborn

9. Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse met in one ferocious battle Battle of Little Big Horn (AKA - Custer’s Last Stand)

11. Sioux Life After Custer’s Last Stand Sitting Bull led the Indians to Canada They remained there until 1881 To prevent his people from starving-Sitting Bull surrendered 1885 Appeared in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

12. Dawes Act Attempted to assimilate the Indians into American culture Broke up the reservation Gave the land to individual Indians 160 Acres to each head of the household 80 acres to each unmarried Adult

13. Down fall of the Native American

14. Uses for the buffalo

15. ( HIDE - BUCKSKIN) moccasin tops cradles winter robes bedding breechclouts shirts leggins lance covers belts dresses pipe bags pouches paint bags pouches dolls coup flag covers quivers tipi covers guncases (HAIR ) headdresses saddle pad filler pillows rope ornaments halters medicine balls (TAIL) medicine switch fly brush lodge exterior decorations whips (HOOF & FEET) glue rattles (HORNS) cups fire carriers powder horn spoons ladles headdresses signals toys (MEAT) (every part eaten) pemmican (converted) hump ribs- immediately jerky (converted) (SKIN OF HIND LEG) moccasins or boots (RAWHIDE) containers clothing headdress food medicine bags shields buckets moccasin soles rattles drums drumsticks splints cinches ropes belts bullets pouches saddles horse masks lance cases armbands quirts bull boats knife cases stirrups thongs horse ornament

16. The Battle of Wounded Knee The Ghost Dance Police came to arrest Sitting Bull Shots fired and Sitting Bull was Killed Dec. 28 Soldiers rounded up 360 Sioux Indians and demanded they give up their weapons Soldiers shot and slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans including Children Ended the Indian Wars forever

17. Indian Problems solved Cattle ranching became big business in the west

18. 1 st Cowboys Vaqueros – Mexican Cowboys Longhorn cattle were imported from Spain Everything that became the American Cowboy derived it’s origins from the Mexican Vaqueros Jerky Chaps Bronco riding Coral Rodeo

20. The Longhorn Steer

21. As the demand for beef increased Cow towns began to form The long drives - 10 to 14 hour days Starting as young as 15 years old The round up

22. Cow Towns Like Dodge City Began to form

23. The Long Drives

24. The Round Up

25. Wild Bill Hickok & Calamity Jane

26. Wild Bill Hickok Served as a scout in Civil War Violent man Shot while play poker In his hand were two aces and two eights – still to this day known as a dead man’s hand

27. Settling of the west Homestead Act – 160 acres of land in west for any citizen who was the head of the household Exoduster – blacks who moved west to escape the reconstruction south.

28. Farming and Living in west Lived in Soddy's or Dug outs Women worked, schooled, and doctored the men and children of the west

29. Agricultural Education Morrill Land Grant Act – Set aside land for the establishment of colleges for agricultural improvement in farming

30. Inventions that tamed the Prairie Steel Plow Barbed Wire Mechanical Reaper Steel Windmill

32. Farmers began living on huge farms called Bonanzas

33. Farmers began forming alliances with other farmers The Grange

34. A new Political Party formed Populism Movement of the people Increase in money supply Graduated income tax system Federal loan program Eventually became the platform of the Democratic Party of today

35. Panic of 1873 William Jennings Bryan Cross of Gold Speech Silverites Gold Bugs

36. Bimetallism Gold Silver