1. Unit 1: Kingdom Plantae Chapters 21-23

2. Date What are the characteristics of Plants ▪All plants are photosynthetic. ▪All plants are multicellular. ▪All plants are eukaryotic organisms. ▪All plants can reproduce sexually. ▪Have cellulose in cell wall ▪Has kinda roots, stems and leaves

3. Date How do plants reproduce ▪All plants have a sexual life cycle called alternation of generation where the gametophyte and sporophyte generation look different

4. Date What is Alternation of Generation ▪A haploid(1N) multicellular gametophyte produces gametes that join in fertilization to form a zygote (2N) ▪Zygote (2N) develops by mitosis into a diploid (2N) sporophyte ▪Sporophytes then produce haploid spores (1N) ▪When released, these spores (1N) are released and then develop into (1N) gametophytes

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6. Where did plants come from ▪Land plants evolved from green algae of the Division Chlorophyta that lived in ancient oceans or ponds ▪they developed roots, stems and leaves

7. Date Evolution ▪Earliest known plant from fossil record is of genus Cookonsia

8. Date PALEOZOIC Radiation of flowering plants MESOZOIC CENOZOIC Charophyceans (a group of green algae) Bryophytes (e.g., mosses) Seedless vascular plants (e.g., ferns, horsetails) Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) Angiosperms First seed plants Early vascular plants Origin of plants

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10. What are the 2 types of Terrestrial Plants (1) Non-vascular plants (e.g., mosses) have no system for transporting water or nutrients. (2) Vascular plants have a system through which they can transport water and nutrient throughout the plant. This allowed the plants to be taller and live further from water.

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12. Describe Non Vascular Plants ▪Division Bryophyta probably arose from a line of plants that had vascular tissue ▪Some have nonfunctioning stomata ▪Don’t grow large because no vessels ▪Need water for gametes to swim

13. Date Provide examples of Division Bryophyta ▪Class Hepaticae ▪Liverwort ▪Class Musci ▪Moss

14. Date What are Bryophyte Characteristics ▪small (non vascular) ▪does not have true roots, stems, leaves (no vessels) ▪“leaves” radiate out from stalk and trap H2O (some store) ▪rhizoid (root like structures) absorb water ▪live close to the ground ▪waxy cuticle on outer surface ▪live in moist areas because the sperm have flagella ▪Alternation of Generation (gametophyte is dominant)

15. Date What are Liverworts ▪flat, hairy rhizoids underneath. ▪live in shady, moist areas

16. Date What are mosses ▪short, upright, anchored by rhizoids

17. Date What are the roles and uses of bryophytes Role ▪habitat for many small creatures ▪rebuilding soil (primary succession) Uses ▪soil conditioners ▪peat moss ▪medicine

18. Date How do Bryophytes reproduce ▪Nonvascular plants the gametophyte is the larger and more long-lived phase of the sexual life cycle

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