1. Automatic Operation of Lidar Systems at Remote Sites – Polly NET – Dietrich Althausen, Ronny Engelmann, Holger Baars, Birgit Heese, Thomas Kanitz, Detlef Müller, Mika Komppula, Frank Wagner, Andreas Hänel …

2. What would be the ideal Lidar network for aerosol typing? worldwide measurements 1 type of system  1 software also for data retrieval Optical information of particles: 3 backscatter coefficients, 2 extinction coefficients, at least 1 depolarization ratio  inversion to microphysical particle parameters  We try to do this. http://polly.tropos.de  also at remote sites

3.  one data format and one type of system parameters  one software for backup, quicklooks, …, data retrieval Emitter Simultaneously emitted180 mJ (1064 nm) 110 mJ (532 nm) 60 mJ (355 nm) Divergence of beam< 0.5 mrad Receiver Diameter of main mirror Receiver field of view Channels 355 nm, 532 nm, 1064 nm 387 nm, 607 nm 355 nm or/and 532 nm 30 cm 1 mrad Elastic 3 Raman 2 Depolarization 1 Althausen et al., J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 2009 one type of system  compact automatic complex but easy to handle Raman lidar 3 + 2 + 1

4. yields to closer interaction of all lidar operators  support in maintenance is provided,  solving of instrument problems,  distribution of hardware and software improvements,  test routines are exchanged, and  faulty data are identified faster. Polly NET Network of Systems http://polly.tropos.de

5. EUCAARI – European integrated project on aerosol cloud climate air quality interactions OCEANET – Autonomous measuring platforms for the determination of material and energy exchange between ocean and atmosphere ALPACA – Aerosol Lidar measurements at Punta Arenas in the frame of Chilean - GermAn cooperation http://polly.tropos.de Polly NET 1 + 3 systems Cooperation: IfT, FMI, Uni Evora  ≈ 2350 days measurements EARLINET

6. EUCAARI field site in the Amazonian rain forest / Brazil Satellite dish for internet connection Aeronet sun photometer Controlling from Germany

7. The aim of these efforts is to  backup the data at home immediately after measurement,  guarantee access to quicklooks,  collect the data on one server, and  guarantee long-term storage of data (as sometimes required by projects). Autonomous measurements according measurement schedule System performs backup of data to polly.tropos.de At polly.tropos.de: Storage of data, entry in MySQL-database, quicklook generation Polly NET Wordwide measurements  Network of Data Web-Server with start page: http://polly.tropos.de  MySQL database provides the right plot

8. How did we ensure our worldwide measurements? Cooperation with local colleagues Automatic measurements (also during interrupted internet connection) Remote control of all parts of the system Daily check of the transferred data Logfiles according all parameter changes, error messages, temperatures inside the system Fast reaction in case of errors http://polly.tropos.de

9. Brazilian Observations Overview 2008 (bold=days with observations) Start Laser damage End of observations!  211 days of lidar observations (294 possible days) Wet season observations Dry season observations occasional power failures source: polly.tropos.de

10. 15 08 2008 mean Overview dry season, Brazil, 2008 55 night time observations Backscatter coefficients of 55 night time observations in the dry season.

11. 15 August 2008 22:35 and 23:35 UTC rather high and indicate small particles dominated by biomass burning Backtrajectory analysis supported this, too. Althausen et al., J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 2009

12. Automatic Retrieval of Particle Backscatter und Extinction Coefficient Automatic products! EARLINET-ASOS (SCC) Aldo Amodeo “Optimisation of data processing” Giuseppe D’Amico “EARLINET Single Calculus Chain” Turner, D. D., R. A. Ferrare, L. A. Heilman, W. F. Feltz, and T. Tooman (2002), Automated retrievals of water vapor and aerosol profiles over Oklahoma from an operational Raman lidar, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 37–50.

13. Estimation of the Reference Height and Value for the Determination of the Particle Backscatter Coefficient 1.Cloudfree conditions? & Determination of the reference height interval (RHI) slope (sl) and standard deviation (sd) of Aerosol Scattering Ratio (asr)  sl < 35 & sd < 0.3 Interation: RHI_start = 7000 … 9000 m, R o = 8000 m, until RHI_top=4000 m If sl < 35 & sd < 0.3 then RHI =7000-9000 m and R 0 =8000 m else next RHI 2.Determination of the reference value Interation: increasing every step by 10% ifthen ß par (R) else

14. Example of Automatically Evaluated Measurements http://iftwetter.tropos.de/VAP/

15. old webpage: http://iftwetter.tropos.de/VAP/ Example of Automatically Evaluated Measurements

16. Summary / Outlook  Planned cooperation NIER, South Korea; UA, Australia  Improvements automatic retrieval algorithms for  and  Polly NET is a working lidar network -it’s a network of 1 system type (not restricted to a continent or region). -it’s a network for data handling. -made possible measurements at remote sites.