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6.3 – Simple Machines Guided notes
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Objectives Describe and identify examples of the six types of simple machines. Explain how the different types of simple machines make work easier.
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Simple Machines A machine that does work with only one movement
Two Families Levers – levers, pulleys, & wheel and axle Inclined Planes – inclined plane, screw, & wedge
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Lever Bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point
Fixed point = fulcrum Input arm is part on which input force is applied Output arm is part that exerts the output force
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Classes of Levers First Class Lever Second Class Lever
Third Class Lever
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First-class Levers Fulcrum is located between input and output forces
Multiplies and changes direction of force
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Second-class Levers Output force is located between input force and fulcrum Always multiplies force
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Third-class Levers Input force is between output force and fulcrum
Doesn’t multiply force but does increase distance over which force is applied
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3rd class lever Input force- your hand squeezes the stapler
Output force- the staple goes through the papers Fulcrum
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Lever & Ideal MA Calculating ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of a lever: IMA = length of input arm divided by length of output arm
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Pulley A grooved wheel with a rope, simple chain, or cable running along a groove Modified first-class lever The point in the middle of the wheel is the fulcrum The rest of a wheel acts like the rigid arm.
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Types of Pulleys Fixed = attached to something and doesn’t move
Force is not multiplied but direction is changed IMA = 1
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Types of Pulleys Movable = has one end of the rope fixed and the wheel free to move Multiples force IMA = 2
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Types of Pulleys Block & Tackle = system of pulleys consisting of fixed and movable pulleys IMA = number of ropes supporting the weight
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Block and Tackle Pulley website
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Wheel & Axle Machine with two wheels of different sizes rotating together Modified lever
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Wheel & Axle IMA = radius of wheel divided by radius of axle
Gears are modified forms
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Inclined Plane Sloping surface that reduces the amount of force required to do work
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Inclined Plane IMA = length of slope (input distance) divided by height of slope (output distance) Less force is required if ramp is longer and less steep
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Screw Inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post
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Wedge Inclined plane with one or two sloping sides
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Compound Machine Uses a combination of two or more simple machines
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Cool Links Simple Machines
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In-Class Assignment/Homework
6.3 Reinforcement WKT
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