1. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Presenter: WU, JHEN-WEI Authors: Rodrigo RizziStarr, Jose´ Maria Parente de Oliveira 2013. IS Concept maps as the first step in an ontology construction method

2. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Outlines Motivation Objectives Methodology Experiments Conclusions Comments 2

3. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Motivation The use of ontologies is still hindered by the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. Previous methodologies do not focus on the specific problem of how to reduce the need of interaction between the knowledge engineer and the expert. 3  簡單的本體示例

4. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Objectives Ease the task of the knowledge engineer, especially in the context of knowledge acquisition for knowledge management system. 4

5. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Methodology 5

6. Intelligent Database Systems Lab 6

7. 3.1.1. Classes, individuals and relations 7 Every linking phrase is a candidate relation and that every concept that is connected to a linking phrase may be a class or an individual. 3.1.2. Inverse properties The arrows point towards reverse directions and every concept that is on the right side of one of them must be on the left side of the other, and vice versa.

8. Intelligent Database Systems Lab 3.1.3. Transitive properties 8 3.1.4. Enumerations Some classes may be defined by enumeration.

9. Intelligent Database Systems Lab 3.1.5. Generalization and instantiation 9 3.1.6. Noun phrases Noun phrases which may hint at a taxonomic relationship.

10. Intelligent Database Systems Lab 3.1.7. Functional properties Describe objects attributes and as part of more complex expressions to describe classes. 10 3.1.8. Different individuals Since the unique name assumption in not valid in OWL, it is necessary to specify explicitly when individuals are in fact different.

11. Intelligent Database Systems Lab 3.1.9. Disjoint classes This one is equivalent to the previous heuristic, except that it deals with classes instead of individuals. 11 3.1.10. Mereologic relationships The heuristic that searches mereologic relations uses a dictionary.

12. Intelligent Database Systems Lab 3.1.11. Dictionaries and corpus By ‘‘dictionary’’ it is meant a list of regular expressions matching possible linking phrases. 12

13. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Experiments 1.Will domain experts consider concept maps as an acceptable knowledge representation means? 2.Will domain experts consider the use of the conversion application acceptable? 3.Do domain experts consider that the process can be done in an unsupervised mode? 13

14. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Experiments Each interview was composed of basically six parts: 1)Introduction to the experiment 2)Training in ontologies, concept mapping and basic OWL concepts 3)Focus question creation 4)Concept map creation 5)Support application usage 6)Answering the questionnaire 14

15. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Experiments 15

16. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Experiments 16

17. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Experiments 17

18. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Conclusions Concept maps are a viable way for experts to interact with a knowledge acquisition tool and that the concept proposed for the support application is also viable. 18

19. Intelligent Database Systems Lab Comments Advantages – Facilitate the creation of several concept maps. – Study of more heuristics to be used to convert from concept maps representations to ontological constructs. Applications – Expression for the expert. 19