1. D4: SKOS and HIVE—Enhancing the Creation, Design and Flow of Information Speakers: Hollie White Jane Greenberg Coordinator: Alan Keely

2. What is SKOS? 2 components: 1.Thesauri 2.Semantic Web

3. Greenberg’s vocabulary control continuum Classical view of ILS languages Simple thesauri/ deeper taxonomies low level full/intricate Key word CV thesauri ontologies ontologies Lists (WordNet) (OWL)

4. Thesaural identifiers SN Scope Note –Instruction, e.g. don’t invert phrases USE Use (another term in preference to this one) UF Used For BT Broader Term NT Narrower Term RT Related Term

5. Syndetic Relationships Hierarchical Equivalent Associative 5

6. Hierarchical Level of generality – both preferred terms BT (broader term) –Robins BT Birds NT (narrower term) –Birds NT Robins 6

7. Equivalent When two or more terms represent the same concept One is the preferred term (descriptor), where all the information is collected The other is the non-preferred and helps the user to find the appropriate term

8. Equivalent Non-preferred term USE Preferred term –Nuclear Power USE Nuclear Energy –Periodicals USE Serials Preferred term UF (used for) Non-preferred term –Nuclear Energy UF Nuclear Power –Serials UF Periodicals

9. Associative One preferred term is related to another preferred term Non-hierarchical “See also” function In any large thesaurus, a significant number of terms will mean similar things or cover related areas, without necessarily being synonyms or fitting into a defined hierarchy 9

10. Associative Related Terms (RT) can be used to show these links within the thesaurus –Bed RT Bedding –Paint Brushes RT Painting –Vandalism RT Hostility –Programming RT Software

11. SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization Systems XML RDF OWL SKOS

12. Markup Languages “is a system for annotating a text in a way which is syntactically distinguishable from that text.”annotating Using tags: content to be rendered Or a keyword in brackets to distinguish texts --from Wikipedia

13. Descriptive Markup “the markup is used to label parts of the document rather than to provide specific instructions as to how they should be processed. The objective is to decouple the inherent structure of the document from any particular treatment or rendition of it. Such markup is often described as "semantic". --from Wikipedia

14. XML Extensible Markup Language --Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). --Used to mark up documents on the internet or electronic documents. --Users get to describe the tags that are used and define how they are used.

15. NBII in XML Zygotes Ookinetes Ova Oocysts Hemizygosity Reproduction Zygosity ASF Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries LSC Life Sciences Approved Descriptor 2007-08-14

16. RDF Resource Description Framework “is a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata data model. It has come to be used as a general method for conceptual description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources, using a variety of syntax formats”World Wide Web Consortiumspecificationsmetadatadata model --from Wikipedia

17. OWL Web Ontology Language --knowledge representation language for displaying ontologies working with logic

18. SKOS Family of languages used to describe thesauri, controlled vocabulary, subject headings, and taxonomies.

19. NBII in SKOS/RDF Ookinetes Zygotes ASF Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries LSC Life Sciences

20. Simple SKOS Tags Skos: concept Skos:prefLabel Skos:altLabel Skos:broader Skos:narrower Skos:related

21. SKOS tags SN Scope Note = skos:scopeNote USE Use = skos:prefLabel UF Used For =skos:altLabel BT Broader Term = skos:broader NT Narrower Term = skos:narrower RT Related Term = skos:related Each entry term has a skos:concept

22. Projects Using SKOS: Library of Congress http://id.loc.gov/authorities/search/ Europeana http://www.europeana.eu/portal/ HIVE http://ils.unc.edu/mrc/hive/

23. Access to all handouts and slides will be posted to: https://www.nescent.org/sites/hive/Worksho p_Handouts_Slides#AALL.2C_July_12.2C _2010