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What Does it Mean to Be Alive?

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Presentation on theme: "What Does it Mean to Be Alive?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What Does it Mean to Be Alive?
The Characteristics of Life

2 Vocabulary 2/27 - autotroph I can …. 2/27 – describe if a red wolf is a autotroph or heterotroph

3 How would you know if this is living?

4 What characteristics do living creatures have in common?
Properties of Life What characteristics do living creatures have in common?

5 Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.
VOCABULARY Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead). Dead – organism once had the 7 characteristics of life but now doesn’t. It is Considered to be LIVING!!!! Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.

6 ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM Decomposer Autotroph - producer
Heterotroph – comsumer(omnivore, herbivore, or carnivore – parasite)??? WHERE DOES A SCAVENGER FIT?

7 Roles in Ecosystem - YEAST
Decomposer – break down plant material. Parasite – Infect plants and animals(ringworm). Animal disease Lichens – Mutualistic relationship between a photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients in the environment and they share.

8 Life!!! All living things share some basic properties.
Cellular Organization - CELLS Reproduction – ASEXUAL OR SEXUAL Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy) Homeostasis – MAINTAIN A BALANCE Heredity - DNA Responds to a stimulus Growth and Development Adapt Through Evolution - adaptations

9 All Living Things are Made Up of Cells
All Living Things are Made Up of Cells Smallest unit capable of all life functions Unicellular Organisms Entire organism is made up of one single cell Bacteria and protists

10 Unicellular – one celled

11 Multi-cellular Organisms
The organism is made up of many cells Cells have specialized functions within the organism

12 Multi-cellular

13 In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells). Smooth muscle Nerve cell Leaf cell Red Blood Cell Yeast cell

14 Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic – Contains a nuclear membrane around their DNA. All kingdoms except archaebacteria and eubacteria!!!! Prokaryotic – No nuclear membrane – all bacteria

15 Eukaryotic Cell

16 Prokaryotic Cell

17 All Living Things Reproduce
All Living Things Reproduce Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type Asexual Reproduction A single parent organism reproducing by itself – NO COMBINATION OF SPERM AND EGG!!!!

18 Asexual Reproduction – NO joining of sperm and egg!!!!

19 Sexual reproduction – combination of sperm and egg

20 Sexual Reproduction Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

21 All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy
All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

22 Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose
Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose!! Produce their own food! PHOTOSYNTHESIS

23 Photosynthesis – process where plants convert Sun’s energy and carbon dioxide into glucose

24 Heterotrophs(consumers) – must consumer food for energy!

25 TYPES OF CONSUMERS HETEROTROPH – consumer AUTOTROPH – producer
DECOMPOSER – breaks down organic material and returns to the earth.

26 All Organisms Maintain Homeostasis
All Organisms Maintain Homeostasis A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life Body temperature Blood volume pH balance Water balance

27 Homeostasis Your body maintains a constant internal and external physical and chemical conditions. Everything is happy!! Goldilocks – Just Right!!!

28 Homeostasis Dogs pant, you run a fever, sweat, or shiver, cell membranes control amount of water and waste in and out of cell, ETC

29 All Organisms Pass Along Hereditary Traits
All Organisms Pass Along Hereditary Traits Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

30 All Living Things Respond to Their Environment
All Living Things Respond to Their Environment An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light Organisms react to stimuli: Light Temperature Odor Sound Gravity Heat Water Pressure

31 ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI
Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment(shiver when cold, change fur color, bend toward light).

32 Stimulus – something in organism’s environment that causes a response

33 Growth means to get bigger in size
All Living Things Grow Growth means to get bigger in size

34 ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP
To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added. To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur. Develop means to change into an adult(mature).

35 All Living Things Develop
All Living Things Develop Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism

36 Development - mature

37 All Living Things Adapt to Their
All Living Things Adapt to Their Environment Through Evolution Adaptation A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time

38 ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT)
Organisms must adapt to their changing environment or become extinct. Adaptations occur over a very long period of time(millions of years).

39 Adaptation – Inherited trait that is passed from parent to offspring that helps an organism survive in its environment

40 An Example of Adaptation
Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

41 ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA.
DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells. DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring(heredity).

42 DNA – molecule that stores genetic information


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