1. The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies http://images-eu.amazon.com/images/P/0393317552.03.LZZZZZZZ.jpg

2. Farming: The Biggest Mistake??? Food production = Hard Work! It often led to: –poorer health –shorter lifespan –harder labor for the majority of people So Why Did People Switch From Hunting and Gathering To Farming?

3. The Neolithic Revolution What is this? Where did it happen? When did it happen? WHY did it happen?

4. Neolithic Era After 10,000 BCE What? “Agricultural Revolution” = domestication of plants & animals Literal Meaning: New Stone Age The first permanent human settlements emerged Still used stone tools Pottery appears Çatalhöyük: A reconstructed stone- age village in modern Turkey

5. Where? “Fertile Crescent” (modern day Iraq) Tigris and Euphrates Rivers The area around these rivers is known to history as Mesopotamia End of Last Ice Age Warming Climate Wild grasses abundant

6. Why Mesopotamia First?

7. How did Agriculture Develop? Availability of calories determines how people get food End of ice age  Plants thriving Humans began “helping” plants along and selecting for traits, to increase calories gathered Certain plants were abundant and provided many calories=Humans actively chose these

8. Where & When? LocationDates (B.C.E)PlantsAnimals Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent) 9000-7000Barley, wheat, lentils, figs Goats, sheep, cattle, pigs China6500-5000Rice, millet, soybeansPigs, chickens, water buffalo Saharan and Sub- Saharan Africa 3000-2000Sorghum, millet, yams, teff Cattle (perhaps 8000 B.C.E) Highland New Guinea7000-4000Taro, bananas, yams, sugarcane Andes region3000-2000Potatoes, quinoa, manioc Llamas, alpaca, guinea pig Mesoamerica3000-2000Maize, squash (perhaps 7000 B.C.E), beans Turkey Eastern woodlands of North America 2000-1000Sunflower, goosefoot, sumpweed

9. What else is needed for a Neolithic Revolution? Animal Domestication – what is it? –An animal will breed where and when we want it to and often. It will come to us for food. It is not aggressive. Examples?

10. Important Domesticated Animals Write Down 3! Horse Cow Pig Sheep Goat Chicken Ox Indian Elephant All from Eurasia

11. What was in the Americas? Only the guinea pig, turkey, and… llamasong.flv llamasong.flv

12. So What? What does the Neolithic Revolution allow?: –A sedentary lifestyle –The need for cooperation and group effort –Job specialization –Social Hierarchies (Social classes) –Patriarchy (Rule by males) –Population Growth

13. Results for Agricultural Society Now that you have possessions, what do you have to do? Kings- to direct Militaries – to protect Priests – to protect and record Bureaucrats- scribes and writing – to protect and keep accounts Artisans- make storage vessels (pottery)

14. Did Everyone Switch? NO! Who Didn’t? Why Not?

15. Did Everyone Switch? Write down at least 2 examples & why!!!

16. River Valley Civilizations: Called that for a reason!

17. Eurasian Steppe (grasslands)

18. African Savannah

19. Inuit Lands

20. Back by popular demand! llamasong.flv llamasong.flv