Estimating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Lessons Learned on Global Hawk

Estimating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Lessons Learned on Global Hawk
Charlie Kapaku 303 AESG/SYF 4 March 2010

Briefing Content Purpose Background Lessons Learned
Special Considerations Summary/Conclusions/Q&A

Purpose Purpose Present lessons learned on estimating the costs of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Provide a basis for further discussion and study Minor Word change

UAS Funding DoD Annual Funding for UAS
Source: Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap (2005)

Background Global Hawk System Overview History

Global Hawk System Overview
Aircraft and Payloads Global Hawk: High-altitude, long-endurance capability providing intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance information Mission Control Element (MCE) Launch and Recovery Element (LRE) Approved for public release ASC

Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW-2009-3983 , 9/9/09
The Aircraft Global Hawk is a remotely piloted, high altitude, long endurance aircraft Supports DoD intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions with integrated sensors Electro-optical/Infrared Images Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for all weather Future signals intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

The Aircraft Specifications (RQ-4A) Wingspan: ft Length: ft Height: ft Gross T/O wt: 26,750 lbs Payload: 2,000 lbs Performance Range: 12,500 nm Endurance: 30+ hrs True Airspeed: 335 Kts WORLD RECORDS (as recognized by NAA): Highest altitude by an autonomous, unmanned jet-powered aircraft: 65,191 ft Longest endurance of an autonomous, unmanned jet-powered aircraft: 30 hrs 24 min First non-stop flight across Pacific Ocean by an autonomous aircraft Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

The Aircraft U B Global Hawk 4/23/2017 Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

The System The Global Hawk Operations Center (GHOC) 1 Experienced Pilot + 1 Sensor Operator Operation Supervisor (on call) Two Shelters MCE (Mission Control Element) LRE (Launch and Recovery Element) LRE capable of command and control (C2) only MCE used for C2 and imagery processing One shelter can ‘shadow’ the other Both shelter’s linked simultaneously to the aircraft GHOC aids in mission planning & backs-up MCE Launch and Recovery Element 1 Pilot + Comm Support Mission Control Element 1 Pilot, 1 Sensor Operator + Contractor Support Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

The Controls Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

The Links E C O V R Y L M N T ( 2 ) U I A S – t r i p - a 1 m o l g h . 3 G d e 9 • / s c 5 , 6 ELINT - LR-100 Receive/Locate system C , N I R S 6 . ( p o t ) A V E H L – - 5 K F l i u d e 2 4 r s T m O n a @ 1 M & T A C I L U S E R ( N O Y ) H D Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

BQT-5 RQ-4 GH History, Heritage, and Employment 2.0
RQ-4 History Obj Ref: 3.0 Reference: Multiple RQ-4 Global Hawk Origin and Conception Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk Current Operations Future Operations Instructor Guidance: This section discusses the major objectives of U.S. military reconnaissance and how they have changed over the past few years. Objective for this section: Referring to sensor functions and aircraft operational characteristics, identify three RQ-4 reconnaissance capabilities without instructor assistance. Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09 Instructor Guide/Lesson Plan (IG/LP)

RQ-4 Global Hawk Origin and Conception BQT-5 RQ-4 GH History, Heritage, and Employment 2.0 Obj Ref: 3.0 Reference: May 95 DARPA Launches RQ-4 Advanced Concept Technology Demo 7 Demo Aircraft built by Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Center First Taxi: 16 Oct 97 First Developmental Aircraft Flight: 28 Feb 98 Stage 2 Australian Demonstration: Apr 01 First non-stop UAV flight over Pacific Ocean Flew 7300 miles and 23 hours Nordholz, Germany Demo: 15 Oct – 6 Nov 03 6 ELINT demonstrations over North Atlantic Up to 35 hours endurance at altitudes more than 65,000’ Instructor Guidance: Over the past three decades, efforts to develop UAVs have been severely hampered by escalating costs, slipped schedules, and disappointing operational results. In th 1990’s, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office (DARO), launched an initiative—designated the High-Altitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (HAE UAV ACTD) program—whose objective was to overcome these deficits through the use of a new and innovative acquisition policy. In the beginning, the idea was to have a totally autonomous aircraft that would collect a prepared target deck with little to no human intervention. A pilot would be able to control multiple platforms. Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09 Instructor Guide/Lesson Plan (IG/LP)

Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk
BQT-5 RQ-4 GH History, Heritage, and Employment 2.0 Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk Obj Ref: 3.0 Reference: Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF): Nov 01 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF): Mar 03 5% of surveillance missions 55% of time-sensitive targets Collected more than 3,700 images First Production Vehicle: 1 Aug 03 Arrival at Beale AFB: 15 Oct 04 Over 19,000 Combat Hours: Jan 09 Operations Ongoing (unclassified) Operation Enduring Freedom, Mar 02 Instructor Guidance: The RQ-4 supported OEF as early as November, 2001. During OIF the RQ-4 had a direct impact on the Republican Guard's destruction. The vehicle flew several missions over Iraq and collected thousands of images. The RQ-4 only flew approximately 5 percent of the surveillance missions, but accounted for more than 55 percent of the information on time-sensitive targets. The first production aircraft was delivered in August, 2003. The first production RQ-4A UAV rolled out in ceremonies held 01 August 2003 at prime contractor Northrop Grumman’s Antelope Valley Manufacturing Center at Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, CA. The first asset arrived at Beale in October, 2004. Over 17,000 combat hour milestone was reached as of 6 Jun 08, in support of GWOT. Northrop Grumman’s Global Hawks, which can fly as high as 65,000 feet, have logged more than 17,000 combat hours. Retrieved 6 June, 2008, from Gazette.Net at “The Global Hawk was a formidable tool in the war – new and powerful” Lt. Gen Moseley, 9th AF Commander Arrival at Beale AFB, Oct 04 Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09 Instructor Guide/Lesson Plan (IG/LP)

Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk (cont)
BQT-5 RQ-4 GH History, Heritage, and Employment 2.0 Evolution of the RQ-4 Global Hawk (cont) Obj Ref: 3.0 Reference: RQ4-B S1-05A-043A-A, Electrical System RQ-4B Model Developed to Meet AF ISR Mission Requirements Increased payload capacity: 3,000 lbs Operates two-and-a-half times more power Enhanced ISS capability First production unveiled: Aug 06 First flight: Mar 07 Instructor Guidance: The U.S. Air Force’s desire to expand Global Hawk’s role supporting the service’s ISR mission launched the development of a more capable and powerful unmanned surveillance system—RQ-4B. The RQ-4B is a larger version of the RQ-4A with a larger payload capacity (3,000 lbs) and integration of enhanced integrated sensor system (EISS) capabilities. The new RQ-4B configuration provides a 50-percent increase in RQ-4 Global Hawk's payload-carrying capacity while retaining its ability to meet the Air Force's operational requirements for altitude, endurance and range. Will operate two-and-a-half times the power of its predecessor. Primary AC electrical power went from a 10 kVA AC Generator to 25 kVA AC Generator. The 10 kVA AC generator will now be the backup generator. The added capacity also expands the RQ-4 Global Hawk's intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities to now include EISS. EISS offers up to 50-percent increase in effective range as a result of improved sensors. The first production version of the Block 20 Global Hawk (RQ-4B), was unveiled in August 2006 at Northrop Grumman’s Antelope Valley Manufacturing Center in Palmdale, CA. In March 2007, the first Block 20 Global Hawk successfully completed its first flight from the company's Palmdale facility to the Birk Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB, CA. Projected to be operational by 2009. Global Hawk Development to date (as of June 2008): 17 RQ-4 Global Hawk air vehicles built. First seven air vehicles were built under the advanced concept technology demonstration phase of the program. Nine Block 10 (RQ-4A) have been produced, including the two aircraft supporting the war on terrorism and two U.S. Navy aircraft operated under the Global Hawk Maritime Demonstration program. First Block 20 RQ-4B is the 17th Global Hawk air vehicle built. Five more Block 20 (RQ-4B) under production. Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09 Instructor Guide/Lesson Plan (IG/LP)

Current Operations Obj Ref: 3.0 Reference: RQ-4 CAOC ISR Support Requirements Include Afghanistan and Iraq U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) Mission Includes: Maintaining an effective and visible U.S. military presence Deterring threats by hostile regional states Projecting military force into the Mideast region if necessary Operations in other AORs have already begun Instructor Guidance: The US CENTCOM has stated the requirement for a constant military presence in the Mideast theater of operations. Currently, the RQ-4 has sustained operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. Each AOR has shared and unique requirements. Other AORs are in the RQ-4 future. CENTCOM commander position is vacant, awaiting an appointment by the President of the United States and confirmation by the United States senate. Lieutenant General Martin E. Dempsey assumed duties as the Acting CENTCOM commander on 28 Mar 08 until General David H. Patraeus is confirmed. Gen David H. Petraeus CENTCOM Commander 31 Oct 08 Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09 Instructor Guide/Lesson Plan (IG/LP)

Other Operations California Wildfire’s 23 total wildfire’s, 10 not contained 7 deaths related to fires SAN DIEGO COUNTY DAMAGED 300 square miles 196,420 acres 650 homes LA COUNTY/MALIBU DAMAGED 665 square miles 426,000 acres 1,500 homes 1 Million people evacuated Estimated cost of damage: $1 Billion Nearly 9,000 firefighters in seven counties [02:41:30] <CONR_SIDO2> AD HOC 1: Target Name: Potential New Fire, Location: N W, Sensor Type: IR, EEI: Are there any fires at this location? POC Lt Eldridge DSN [03:42:27] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RANCH 6 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4002 / TOT: 0240z / Activity: 5 PROBABLE FIRE LOCATIONS WITHIN A 300 METER RADIUS OF TASKED GEOCOORDS [04:07:15] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RANCH 1 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4005 / TOT: 1945L / Activity: 1 vehicle: N W, 1 vehicle: N W, 2 CONFIRMED FIRES: N W, N W [04:16:05] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 8 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4012 / Time: 1956L / Activity: FIRE LOCATION: N W, NEAR CITY HIGHLINE MOTORWAY FIRE RD [04:39:07] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RANCH 5 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4003 / Time: 1941L / Activity: 4 PROBABLE FIRE LOCATIONS WITHIN 600 Meters OF TASKED GEOCOORDS [05:15:44] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RANCH 4 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4004 / Time: 1941L / Activity: 1 PROBABLE FIRE LOCATION WITHIN 600 Meters OF TASKED GEOCOORDS [05:22:36] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 9 / N W / Scene #: 4033 / Time: 2207L / Activity: FIRE LINE OBSERVED MOVING SOUTH-WEST to the NORTH-EAST [05:29:42] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 2 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4008 / Time: 1951L / Activity: FIRE CONCENTRATION NEAR SIERRA HIGHWAY: N W, N W, N W, N W, and N W [05:37:39] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4031 / Time: 2033L / Activity: SMALL SCATTERED FIRES OBSERVED WITHIN A 300 METER RADIUS OF TASKED GEOCOORD [05:40:53] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 5 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4034 / Time: 2217L / Activity: FIVE (5) FIRE LOCATIONS OBSERVED WITHIN A 450 METER RADIUS OF TASKED GEOCOORDS [05:55:44] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: SANTIAGO 1 / Geocoord: N W / Scene #: 4039 / Time: 2046L / Activity: APPROXIMATELY FORTY-THREE (43) THERMALLY ACTIVE VEHICLES, TWO (2) VEHICLES TRAVELLING ON ROAD. PROBABLE PEOPLE ARE OBSERVED THROUGHOUT AREA [05:58:55] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 2 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4029 / Time: 2032L / Activity: FIRE CONCENTRATION AT N W, APPROACHING A HOUSING AREA [06:05:04] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 1 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4027 / Time: 2032L / Activity: APPROXIMATELY 12 FIRE FIGHTING SUPPORT VEHICLES OBSERVED AROUND FIRE LOCATION NEAR TASKED GEOCOORDS [06:07:16] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 4 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4035 / Time: 2038L / Activity: 2 VEHICLES OBSERVED ON CITYCREEK ROAD [06:13:28] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 10 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4006 / Time: 1950L / Activity: SMALL SCATTERED FIRES AROUND 3427N W [06:16:00] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 10 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4006 / Time: 1950L / Activity: SMALL SCATTERED FIRES OBSERVED AT N W [06:18:43] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HORNO 4 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4041 / Time: 2050L / Activity: MULTIPLE FIRES OBSERVED WITHIN A 620 METER RADIUS OF TASKED GEOCOORDS [06:26:48] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE SOUTHERN EDGE / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4092 / Time: 2219L / Activity: FIRE CONCENTRATION OBSERVED AT N W and N w [06:28:30] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 13 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4044/ Time: 0354L / Activity: PROBABLE FIRE ACTIVITY OBSERVED AT TASKED GEOCOORDS [06:30:45] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RANCH 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4015 / Time: 1958L / Activity: 5 FIRES OBSERVED AT TASKED GEOCOORDS [06:34:59] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HORNO 5 / Geocoords: N W/ Scene #: 4042 / Time: 2050L / Activity: MULTIPLE FIRES OBSERVED ALONG ROAD NEAR TASKED GEOCOORDS [06:37:47] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4047 / Time: 2055L / Activity: FOUR (4) CONFIRMED VEHICLES OBSERVED AT N117116W; MULTIPLE SMALL FIRES OBSERVED AT N W [06:42:34] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: SANTIAGO 4 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4037 / Time: 2045L / Activity: FIRE LINES OBSERVED THROUGHOUT AREA [06:44:06] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: SANTIAGO 2 and 3 / Geocoords; N W / Scene #: 4038 / Time: 2045L / Activity: LARGE CONCENTRATION OF FIRE OBSERVED WITHIN A 300 METER RADIUS OF TASKED GEOCOORDS [06:49:17] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 5 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4091 / Time: 2217L / Activity: SEVENTEEN (17) VEHICLES OBSERVED NEAR FIRE LINES [06:55:11] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RANCH 3 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4016 / Time: 2001L / Activity: FIRE ACTIVITY OBSERVED AT N W [07:01:20] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 2 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4045 / Time: 2055L / Activity: FIRE LOCATED NORTH OF EAST MISSION ROAD, WITH NINE (9) VEHICLES LOCATED EAST OF FIRE ACTIVITY [07:07:19] <DGS2_GH_IMS> ***Location: HORNO 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4050/ Time: 2106L / Activity: FIRE DIRECTLY UNDER TWO (2) HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINES, TWO (2) ADDITIONAL POWER LINES WITH FIRES NEAR THEM. POWER LINES LOCATED APPROXIMATELY ONE (1) MILE NORTH-WEST OF LAS PULGAS CANYON ROAD*** [07:11:54] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 1 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4053 / Time: 2108L / Activity: MULTIPLE SCATTERED FIRES AND ONE (1) VEHICLE OBSERVED AT N W [07:16:59] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4011 / Time: 1956L / Activity: TWO (2) CONFIRMED FIRES OBSERVED WEST OF FOR ROUTE 6N18. [07:22:44] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 9 / Geocoords: N W / scene #: 4013 / Time: 1959L / Activity: MULTIPLE SCATTERED SMALL FIRES OBSERVED. THERE ARE POWER LINES TO THE SOUTH-EAST OF TASKED GEOCOORDS. IF THE FIRES CONTINUE, THE POWER LINES MAY BE THREATENED. [07:26:38] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 3 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4046 / Time: 2055L / Activity: FIRE ACTIVITY/LINE OBSERVED EAST OF STAGECOACH ROAD. [07:28:23] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 5 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4054 / Time: 2109L / Activty: TWO (2) PROBABLE HOUSES ON FIRE, 1 ADDITIONAL FIRE OBSERVED. [07:33:11] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: BUCKWEED 3 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4024 / Time: 2009L / Activity: MULTIPLE SCATTERED FIRES OBSERVED THROUGHOUT AREA. [07:34:38] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 19 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 409 [07:36:18] <DGS2_GH_IMS> ...Scene #: 4093 / Time: 2232L / Activity: PROBABLE FIRE OBSERVED AT N W APPROXIMATELY 150 METERS NORTH OF ASH STREET. [07:38:55] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HORNO 8 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4051 / Time: 2107L / Activity: FIRE FOLLOWING TREELINE APPROXIMATELY 1.2 MILES AWAY FROM GROUP OF BUILDINGS TO THE EAST. [07:42:54] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HORNO 10 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4048 / Time: 2102L / Activity: MULTIPLE SMALL FIRES OBSERVED TO THE SOUTH OF BASILONE ROAD AT N W; MULTIPLE SMALL FIRES OBSERVED EAST OF BASILONE ROAD AT N W. [07:46:02] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 8 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4060 / Time: 2123L / Activity: SMALL SCATTERED FIRES OBSERVED ALONG US-395. [07:49:02] <DGS2_GH_IMS> RE-VISIT Location: HORNO 8 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4059 / Time: 2121L / Activity: FIRE HAS NOT PROGRESSED SINCE FIRST IMAGED AT 2107L. [07:54:17] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 3 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4028 / Time: 2032L / Activity: THREE (3) SCATTERED FIRED OBSERVED: TWO (2) AT N W, ONE (1) AT N W. ONE (1) VEHICLE OBSERVED AT N W. [08:22:04] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HORNO 6 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4058 / Time: 2120L / Activity: SCATTERED FIRES OBSERVED AT N W. [08:41:47] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: SANTIAGO 1A / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4132 / Time: 2351L / Activity: THERMALLY ACTIVE VEHICLES OBSERVED AT A HOUSING DEVELOPMENT SUGGESTS PEOPLE ARE PRESENT IN THE PATH OF FIRE. [09:30:15] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4064 / Time: 2131L / Activity: PROBABLE FIRE ACTIVITY OBSERVED AT TASKED GEOCOORDS. [10:01:06] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 18 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4070 / Time: 2138L / Activity: ACTIVE FIRE AREA AT TASKED GEOCOORDS. [10:02:47] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 11 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4106 / Time: 2255L / Activity: ACTIVE FIRE AREA AT TASKED GEOCOORDS. [10:06:09] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: RICE 10 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4066 / Time: 2131L / ACTIVE FIRE AREA AT TASKED GEOCOORDS. [10:10:06] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4069 / Time: 0149L / Activity: SEVEN (7) CLUSTERS OF HOT SPOTS OBSERVED AT N W, N W, N W, N W, N W, N W, and N W. [10:13:51] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 9 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4085 / Time: 2200L / Activity: ONE (1) HOUSE NEXT TO FIRE AT N W; ONE (1) VEHICLE ON FIRE AT N W; ONE (1) POSSIBLE HOUSE ON FIRE AT N W; PERIMETER OF FIELD BURNING AT N W; TREE GROVE ON FIRE AT N W. [10:16:32] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 13 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4096 / Time : 2233 / Activity: FIRE CONCENTRATION AT N W and N W. [10:18:03] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HARRIS 14 / Geocoords: N W/ Scene #: 4107 / Time: 2256L / Activity: FIRE CENTERPOINT AT N W. [10:20:05] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 17 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4088 / Time: 2214 / Activity: HOT SPOTS OBSERVED NORTH OF TASKED GEOCOORD, ON NORTH SIDE OF A SMALL POND. [10:21:31] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HARRIS 12 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4109 / Time: 2257L / SIX (6) HOT SPOTS OBSERVED IN THE AREA OF THE TASKED GEOCOORDS. [10:38:36] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 7 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4098 / Time: 2240L / Activity: HOT SPOT OBSERVED AT N W and N W. [10:41:15] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HARRIS 13/ Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4108 / Time: 2256 / Activity: SMALL FIRES THROUGHOUT AREA. [10:42:36] <GHOC-Tact> . [10:43:18] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 9 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4104 / Time: 2248L / Activity: FIRE ACTIVITY OBSERVED EAST OF ESPOLARD/CR-55 AT N W. [10:43:22] <DGS2_GH_IMS> .. [10:45:26] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 16 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4087 / Time: 2208L / Activity: HOTTEST POINTS OF FIRE: N W and N W. [10:48:12] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 12 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4074 / Time: 2140L / Activity: TWO (2) SCATTERED FIRES AT N W and N W; THREE (3) HOT SPOTS AT N W, N W, and N W. [10:50:07] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 20 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4080 / Time: 0227L / Activity: LARGE CLUSTER OF HOT SPOTS OBSERVED AT N W. [10:52:10] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HARRIS 11 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4110 / Time: 2257L / Activity: THREE (3) HOT SPOTS OBSERVED AT TASKED GEOCOORD. [10:54:58] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 10 / Geocoords: 32007N W / Scene #: 4086 / Time: 2201L / Activity: HOTTEST POINT OF FIRE: N W; FIRE APPROXIMATELY 1000 FEET FROM THE LOOP (NEIGHBORHOOD) TO THE EAST. CA-76 HIGHWAY 76 IS APPROXIMATELY 1.5 MILES TO THE SOUTH. [10:56:56] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: POOMACHA 19 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4089 / Time: 2214L / Activity: SCATTERED FIRES ARE OBSERVED THROUGHOUT AREA. HOTTEST POINT IS AT N W. [10:58:36] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: HARRIS 10 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4111 / Time: 2257L / Activity: TWO (2) HOT SPOTS OBSERVED AT N W and N W. [11:01:28] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 12 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4120 / Time: 2306L / Activity: POSSIBLE FIRE AREA OBSERVED AT TASKED GEOCOORDS. [11:05:01] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Locations: POOMACHA 1 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4069 / Time: 0228L / Activity: FOUR (4) CLUSTERS OF HOT SPOTS ARE OBSERVED AT N W, N W, N W, and N W. TWO (2) CONFIRMED VEHICLES OBSERVED AT N W. [11:12:48] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 10 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4105 / Time: 2250L / Activity: EIGHT (8) PROBABLE HOT SPOTS CENTERED AROUND GEOCOORDS AT N W, N W. THE HOT SPOTS FALL ALONG BARONA ROAD/BIA-54. [11:14:51] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: WITCH 2 / Geocoords: N W / Scene #: 4102 / Time: 2245L / Activity: SPARKS AND HEATED PARTICLES ARE OBSERVED THROUGHOUT TASKED AREA. Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

Other Operations [05:22:36] <DGS2_GH_IMS> Location: GRASS VALLEY 9 / N W / Scene #: 4033 / Time: 2207L / Activity: FIRE LINE OBSERVED MOVING SOUTH-WEST to the NORTH-EAST Grass Valley A fire line is observed moving from Southwest to the Northeast History 40% of the GrassValley fire is contained with over 1,000 acres destroyed Over 1.5 million dollars in damage Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

Other Operations Disaster Relief Hurricanes Earthquakes Forest Fires Homeland Security Counter Smuggling Border Patrol Already do Disaster relief, Homeland security, and Broad Area mapping Broad area mapping – Capability into Global Hawk Effectiveness Broad Area Mapping Approved for Public Release - ASC Case 88ABW , 9/9/09

Lessons Learned and Special Considerations

Defining an UAS 1st step in any estimate is to define what you’re estimating WBS is the usual tool cost estimators use to help define the weapon system Appendix H of Mil-Hdbk 881A, DoD Handbook Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, dtd 25 Jul 2005, specifically addresses UAS Tailored to match unique elements of systems Operating and Support costs are defined and organized according to the six standard CAIG cost elements

UAS WBS Unique 881A Level Two Elements Air Vehicle Payload(s)
Ground Segment System Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout System of Systems approach may be applicable Integration is an area of concern Payload(s) and Ground Segment are just as important (if not more so) than the air vehicle

Ground Segment Is Cockpit of UAS, and center of communications and data 881A lists Ground Control Systems and Command and Control Subsystem as WBS Level 3 items GH experience is that Command and Control Subsystem is a Level 4 element within Ground Control System (GCS) Estimating concerns: Certification and Accreditation Interface with base comm systems Interfaces with payloads

Payload(s) Payloads are critical - they perform the mission
Can cost as much or more than the air vehicle 881A provides good WBS definition Estimating Concerns: Size, weight and Power (SWaP) Interface with air vehicle’s mission computer Interface with ground segment End user of payload data may not be part of ground segment and may need separate interface Payloads may be common across multiple platforms, which may add schedule and technical complexity

System IAT&CO UAS WBS is the only WBS in 881A to specifically list System IAT&CO as a Level 2 element Emphasizes concerns of integrating air vehicle, ground segment and payloads into one system However… GH has not used IAT&CO at Level 2 Integration and Assembly Costs captured and estimated at Level 3 Test and Checkout costs captured and estimated in System Test and Evaluation element

Concurrency GH has a high degree of concurrency in the program
Development, production, and O&S all happening at the same time Significant numbers of mods are also beginning to take place Complicates estimating Phasing of estimates is difficult because schedules constantly change Be careful of “chasing” technology

Test Estimating concerns Adequate number of test assets Air vehicles
Payloads Ground Segments Scheduling Driven by development and production events

Proprietary Systems UAS weapon systems are more likely to contain or consist of Non-Developed Items (NDI) /COTS Estimating impacts: Descriptive hardware and software data may not be available Limit to government independent technical evaluation of cost inputs

Operations and Support
Warfighters still refining operations and employment concepts Estimating concerns OPSTEMPO still changing Basing not finalized Flexible deployment process SATCOM costs Depots Subject to rule, but proprietary data reduces flexibility

Summary UAS is a growth area
Cost estimators need to be aware of unique/special UAS concerns WBS is the basic tool to help define and highlight areas of concern Ground segments and payloads are important Integration between air vehicles, ground segments and payloads can be a significant cost Growing applications of UAS will significantly impact operations and support cost estimates

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Estimating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Lessons Learned on Global Hawk

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Estimating Unmanned Aircraft Systems Lessons Learned on Global Hawk

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