1. Aging

4. The Stages of Life Infancy…Birth-18 months Infancy…Birth-18 months Toddlerhood…2-4 Toddlerhood…2-4 School Age…5-12 School Age…5-12 Adolescence…13-20 Adolescence…13-20 Young Adulthood…21-35 Young Adulthood…21-35 Middle Adulthood…35-65 Middle Adulthood…35-65 Older Adulthood…65 and older Older Adulthood…65 and older

5. Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikso n_psychosocial_theory.htm#freud's_psych osexual_stages http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikso n_psychosocial_theory.htm#freud's_psych osexual_stages http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikso n_psychosocial_theory.htm#freud's_psych osexual_stages http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikso n_psychosocial_theory.htm#freud's_psych osexual_stages

6. Young Adulthood (21-35) physical changes slow down and many people enter a period of peak health physical changes slow down and many people enter a period of peak health begin to get a clearer sense of identity and relate to their parents on a more adult level. begin to get a clearer sense of identity and relate to their parents on a more adult level. learn to value commitment in relationships…may choose to marry and have a family learn to value commitment in relationships…may choose to marry and have a family become financially independent…scary and fulfilling! become financially independent…scary and fulfilling! should develop healthy lifestyles to prevent health problems later in life should develop healthy lifestyles to prevent health problems later in life

7. Identify the leading cause of death in young adults. List 2 actions they can take to reduce the risk of dying during this period. #1 Cause – UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES #2 Cause – HOMICIDE To Reduce the risk of dying, focus on controllable risk factors, such as… - Alcohol use/abuse - Drug use/abuse - Drinking & Driving -Engaging in high risk activities (daredevil stunts) Causes of death for people over age 65 #1 Heart Disease #2 Cancer

8. Middle Adulthood Ages 35 to 65 Ages 35 to 65 muscle tone and strength may diminish but can be maintained with regular exercise muscle tone and strength may diminish but can be maintained with regular exercise may have a strong sense of identity and be leaders at work and in their families may have a strong sense of identity and be leaders at work and in their families Increased responsibilities can cause stress-If they don’t learn to cope with this stress, it can lead to health problems. Increased responsibilities can cause stress-If they don’t learn to cope with this stress, it can lead to health problems. must watch their diets and exercise to avoid health risks such as cancer and heart disease must watch their diets and exercise to avoid health risks such as cancer and heart disease Menopause: the period of time when a woman stops ovulating and menstruating-Typically age 50-55 Menopause: the period of time when a woman stops ovulating and menstruating-Typically age 50-55 begin to accept mortality as they see friends and loved ones die begin to accept mortality as they see friends and loved ones die A midlife crisis: the sense of uncertainty about one’s identity that some people experience in midlife. Middle- aged adults may get A midlife crisis: the sense of uncertainty about one’s identity that some people experience in midlife. Middle- aged adults may get

9. Older Adulthood People over 65 People over 65 may not recover from illness as quickly as when they were younger may not recover from illness as quickly as when they were younger generally more emotionally stable than when younger, but they may also struggle with depression, anxiety, and loneliness generally more emotionally stable than when younger, but they may also struggle with depression, anxiety, and loneliness Why??? Why??? social and financial lives change significantly after they retire social and financial lives change significantly after they retire Alzheimer’s disease: one gradually loses mental capacity and the ability to carry out daily activities Alzheimer’s disease: one gradually loses mental capacity and the ability to carry out daily activities

10. Myths and Facts Opinion Survey (Agree or Disagree) _________ “Old” people are always sick. _________ Most people over 65 are institutionalized. _________ People over 65 do not have any sexual desires. _________ Most people over 65 retain their normal mental abilities. _________ Mental illness is common among people over 65. ________ The majority of people over 65 can work as effectively as younger workers. ________ The majority of people over 65 are socially isolated. ________ Major depression occurs more frequently for teenagers than for people over 65. ________ Businesses often do not hire people over 65 because of their age.

11. Ageism Ageism – a form of discrimination that relegates people to an inferior or limited position simply because of age Ageism – a form of discrimination that relegates people to an inferior or limited position simply because of age -Have you ever experienced or known anyone who experienced prejudice or discrimination based on age?

12. Stereotypes and Ageism “When you hear, see or think the word teenagers, what other words come to mind?” “When you hear, see or think the word teenagers, what other words come to mind?” What do you notice about attitudes toward young people? What do you notice about attitudes toward young people? In what situations have you felt people prejudge you because of your age? In what situations have you felt people prejudge you because of your age? How have negative attitudes affected how you feel or what you do? How have negative attitudes affected how you feel or what you do? How have positive attitudes about young people helped you? How have positive attitudes about young people helped you?

13. Stereotypes and Ageism “When you hear, see or think the word old, what other words come to mind?” “When you hear, see or think the word old, what other words come to mind?” How do you perceive your grandparents? How do you perceive your grandparents? Do they fit the stereotypes? Do they fit the stereotypes? How do your grandparents perceive you? How do your grandparents perceive you?

14. Life Changes - Similarities Between Young and Old Category Teenagers/Young Adults Older Adults Transportation -Getting permission to drive; -Told they should not drive; Higher insurance rates Work -Told they are too young, -Told they are too old, too too inexperienced experienced, unfamiliar with new technology Companionship -Single; dating issues -Single (widowed); dating issues Income -Low-paying jobs -No income from earnings Sex -Told they are too young -Told they are too old Drugs -Use of “recreational” drugs -Misuse of prescription or over the counter drugs Housing -Moving away from home; -Moving to smaller place; -Have to live with parents for -Have to live with adult children economic reasons for economic and health reasons Friends -Friends moving away -Friends moving away or dying Dependency -Parents tell them what to do -Adult children tell them what to do Aging -Physical changes related to age -Physical changes related to age Emotions -Occasional depression, feelings of -Occasional depression, feelings of hopelessness, sometimes leading to suicide Time Try to find meaningful ways to use Try to find meaningful ways to use time during school years time during retirement years ___________________ From Couper, D. and Pratt, F., Learning for Longer Life, National Academy for Teaching and Learning about Aging, 1999.

15. Aging & Changes Social Social Emotional Emotional Mental Mental Spiritual Spiritual Physical Physical

16. Aging & Changes PHYSICAL Vision Vision Hearing Hearing Touch Touch Strength/Dexterity Strength/Dexterity Taste Taste Smell Smell Balance Balance

17. Changes in Vision Farsightedness Farsightedness Night blindness Night blindness Color vision Color vision Cataracts Cataracts Blindness: glaucoma, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes Blindness: glaucoma, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes

18. Changes in Hearing Auditory nerve damage Auditory nerve damage Changes in structure of the ear Changes in structure of the ear Deterioration of the brain Deterioration of the brain Decreased ability to hear intensity or volume of sound Decreased ability to hear intensity or volume of sound Decreased ability to discriminate between similar words Decreased ability to discriminate between similar words

19. Changes in Dexterity, Agility, & Balance Lean body mass declines Lean body mass declines As a young adult, 43% of the body weight is muscle; By age 70, lean body mass declines to about 25% As a young adult, 43% of the body weight is muscle; By age 70, lean body mass declines to about 25% Increase in fat cells Increase in fat cells Increase to about 1/3 of body weight by at 70 Increase to about 1/3 of body weight by at 70 Decreased endurance and reaction time Decreased endurance and reaction time Dizziness may occur (vertigo) Dizziness may occur (vertigo) Stiffening of joints Stiffening of joints Poor posture Poor posture

20. Changes in Touch Reduced tactile sensation (Touch messages don’t get sent to the brain) Reduced tactile sensation (Touch messages don’t get sent to the brain) Can’t tie shoes Can’t tie shoes Can’t respond to heat Can’t respond to heat Can’t feel a bruise Can’t feel a bruise Reasons for loss of touch sensation: Reasons for loss of touch sensation: Parkinson’s Parkinson’s Cardiovascular incidents Cardiovascular incidents Lack of blood flow to swelling Lack of blood flow to swelling Arthritis Arthritis Limited use of extremities due to sedentary lifestyle or bedridden Limited use of extremities due to sedentary lifestyle or bedridden

21. State three ways that you can help an older adult to lead a healthier life. Visit Visit Sit and listen. Ask what they would do in certain situations. Ask advice and opinions. Sit and listen. Ask what they would do in certain situations. Ask advice and opinions. Offer to do household chores Offer to do household chores They’ll love having you around while you get work done that perhaps they can’t do They’ll love having you around while you get work done that perhaps they can’t do Bring Food Bring Food Bake cookies and deliver them personally. Ask if they need groceries and offer to get them Bake cookies and deliver them personally. Ask if they need groceries and offer to get them Walk with them Walk with them If they are able walk outside on a nice day. Keeping them moving and in the fresh air is good for their health If they are able walk outside on a nice day. Keeping them moving and in the fresh air is good for their health

22. Define life expectancy. The average length of time an individual is expected to live The average length of time an individual is expected to live Average life expectancy in U.S. (2007): 77.9 yrs Average life expectancy in U.S. (2007): 77.9 yrs Rates for the top three leading causes—heart disease, cancer, and stroke—continued a long-term decreasing trend. Significant increases occurred for suicide and chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.cdc.gov

23. Identify four habits you can begin today to improve your quality of life in 10 years. Establish regular exercise patterns Establish regular exercise patterns Don’t Smoke (heart disease, cancer) Don’t Smoke (heart disease, cancer) Don’t Drink (accidents, alcoholism, liver disease) Don’t Drink (accidents, alcoholism, liver disease) Maintain a healthy weight (diabetes) Maintain a healthy weight (diabetes) Lower salt intake Lower salt intake

24. Favorite Web Sites http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/05 11/sights_n_sounds/index.html http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/05 11/sights_n_sounds/index.html http://parentswish.com/site01/big.html

25. Life Expectancy Calculator