1. Transistor Aging Niranjan Soundararajan

2. Aging Timeline Clock period Fails!! Start of lifetime

3. Transistors do age… like humans Transistors slow down over time Rate of aging very related to stress Similarities exist in the cause and effect of aging

4. Mortality rate comparison Process Variation - Systematic: You are as good as your friends

5. Different Aging Phenomena NBTI – Transistor holds same data for long periods – “All work and no play” HCE – Related to amount of switching – Moving back and forth between jobs Oxide Breakdown – Breakdown of gate-oxide between semi-conductors slowly over time Electro-Migration – Electron flow in same direction – Blood flow

6. Decreasing aging effects Stress reduction mechanisms – Meditation – Decrease temperature for transistors – Load-balancing Facelift – “Transistor Aging” related paper Defect tolerance Monitoring – Health periodically – Sensors on-chip to identify stressed transistors