1. UNEMPLOYMENT IN VIETNAM Group members

2. OUTLINE Part I : Theories of unemployment Definition of unemployment How to measure unemployment Types of unemployment Consequences of unemployment Part II: Unemployment in Vietnam from 2008 to 2010 Socio-economic situation in Vietnam from 2008 to 2010 Unemployment situation in Vietnam from 2008 to 2010 Part III: Some solutions

4. Part I THEORIES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

5. Definition Unemployment is the number of people of working age who are: without work and have looked for employment in the last 4 weeks and are available to start work within 2 weeks. waiting to start working in a job already obtained.

6. Unemployment rate

7. Types of unemployment Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment Frictional unemployment Structural unemployment Classical unemployment Hidden unemployment

8. Consequences of unemployment Loss of income Loss of income leads to a decline in spending

9. Consequences of unemployment Negative multiplier effects Have a large negative multiplier effect on both the local and regional economy. Lead to a drop in demand for local services, downward pressure on house prices and ‘second-round employment effects’ Loss of national output Lose potential national output and waste scarce resources. Negative output gap => powerful deflationary forces on prices, profits and output

10. Consequences of unemployment Fiscal costs Falling in tax revenues and higher spending on welfare payments => increase in budget deficit => the government raise taxation or scale back plans on public and merit goods Social costs Rising unemployment is linked to social deprivation.

11. Part II UNEMPLOYMENT IN VIETNAM FROM 2008 TO 2010

12. Socio-economic situation in Vietnam from 2008 to 2010 Difficulties - High speculation on oil, food, gold => high price - Increasing inflation rate in 1st half of 2008 (up to 144.3%) and arising deflation - Reduction in FDI - Decrease in exportation (13.4% in 2008) - Population grew 1.18%, urban population rose fast (2.85%) - Consecutive natural disaster: floods, typhoons, epidemic diseases

13. Overview of Vietnamese economy in 2008-2009 Advantages : - Economic growth: 5.32%, exceeding target - Industrial production: increased 7.6% - Agriculture: bumper harvest - Stable macroeconomic balance - CPI: lower than the goal

14. 2. Unemployment situation in Vietnam from 2008 to 2010 In 2008 - Decreases in production and service activities and reduction inmerchandising scale. - 22.3% investigated businesses cut down the number of labours => 667,000 people lost their jobs. Over 1 million people were unemployed - Unemployment rate: 2.38% - Labour export decreased, especially in some main markets: Taiwan (33,000), Korea (16,000), Malaysia (7,800-while it was 30,000 in last years) and Japan (5,800)

15. Unemployment rate and underemployment rate of worker in working age in 2008-by region (According to the Analysis of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam)

16. In 2009: - 1.3 million people in working age were unemployment - Unemployment rate: 2.9% + In urban areas : 4.64% (approximately with 2008) + In rural areas : 2.25% (1.53% higher than 2008) - 1.51 million jobs (73,000 oversea jobs) were created (88.8% target of the year) - Average income per month per employee increased by 14.2% (compared to 2008)

17. In 2010 - Forecast: Unemployment rate is equal or higher than previous year - At the beginning of 2010: + 40,348 workers at craft villages were jobless + 100,000 labours suffered from reduced working hours or work shifts + 50% urban labourers faced unemployment risk + Untrained workers and female labours were hard to get stable jobs

18. Part III SOME SOLUTIONS

20. 1. General policies: Stimulate an improvement in the human capital of the workforce Improve incentives for people to search and then accept paid work Government subsidies for those firms that take on the long-term unemployed Achieve a sustained period of economic growth

21. 2. Solutions in VN - For voluntary unemployment create more jobs and better salary strengthen vocational training programs - For cyclical unemployment: apply fiscal policy, monetary policy to increase aggregate demand - Invest of stimulate to aim at the small and medium enterprises - Create every condition for unemployment

22. Solutions in Vietnam Vietnam General Confederation of Labor (VGCL) has issued 3 essential solution: Labor federation at cities and provinces help laborers seek new occupations The VGCL’s career placement centers take responsible for improving the workmanship or draw the trainees Taking placement of funds from national fund of Confederation for workers who have no job. - Complete the unemployment insurance system

23. 3. Other solutions Subsidize a certain proportion in wage-fund of businesses Cut sales tax Persuade the laborers and managers to accept a wage cutting level to maintain the firm’s employment, through the labor union Carry out vocational training programs for rural farmers Expandexport labor markets Attach special importance to investment in education and training Limit population growth.

24. Conclusion

25. Thank you for your listening!