1. Polar Grasslands Anneliese S. Dan H.

2. Climate Characteristics  Average Winter Temperature: -28° C  Average Summer Temperature: 3- 12° C  Small temperature range due to extremely cold temperatures throughout the year

3. http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/biomes/biomes_map_final.gif

4. Climate Characteristics  Annual Precipitation: 15-25cm -Including melting snow  Limiting Factors: -Wind: 30-60 mph -Winter throughout most of the year -Permafrost (frozen ground throughout the year) http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/tundra-landscapes/beechey.html

5. Flora and Fauna  Flora (plants) –Grasses, sedges, heather, mosses, and lichens.  Fauna (animals) –Seals, penguins, arctic foxes, caribou, snowshoe rabbit, and polar bears. http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge/polarbeartundr a.html

6. Adaptation  Plant adaptation –Can survive in high winds, freezing temperatures, and little sunlight.  Animal adaptation –Paws –White Fur –Thick fat, fur, or blubber

7. Biodiversity  Very low biodiversity  1,700 species of plants  Only 48 land mammals.  Many insects and birds migrate annually.

8. Biomass Pyramid

9. References  Regents of the University of California. (2008) The Tundra Biome. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from University of California Berkeley http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php  Rob Nelson. (2003) Arctic Tundra. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from The Wild Classroom. http://www.thewildclassroom.com/biomes/arctictundra.html http://www.thewildclassroom.com/biomes/arctictundra.html  Madhavi Ghare.(2008) Tundra Climate Facts. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from Buzzle. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/tundra- climate-facts.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/tundra- climate-facts.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/tundra- climate-facts.html  “How are the biomes distributed?” (http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/biomes/biomes_ map.html) http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/biomes/biomes_ map.htmlhttp://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/biomes/biomes_ map.html  “Beechey Island” (http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge /beechey.html) http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge /beechey.htmlhttp://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge /beechey.html  “Tundra with Polar Bear” (http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge /polarbeartundra.html) http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge /polarbeartundra.htmlhttp://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/enlarge /polarbeartundra.html