1. How Do We Get Proteins? myoglobin
myoglobin

2. When DNA copies…..
It copy's in a very specific order. It copies 5’-3’ from a 3’-5’ Template.

3. HUH?!?!

4. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

5. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

6. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

7. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

8. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

9. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

10. Double Helix

11. Nucleotides: basic molecule of DNA
Pyrimidine

12. Nucleotides: basic molecule of DNA
Purine

13. Pyrimidines and Purines
Made up of a
Sugar (5 carbon)
Phosphate group
Nitric Base

14. DNA Replication

15. Our Friend RNA

16. Differences between RNA and DNA
RNA has only a SINGLE Strand (DNA is Double Stranded)
RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
RNA polymerase can start the RNA transcription without a primer

17. Differences between RNA and DNA
RNA uses Uracil(U) instead of Thymine(T)
More errors occur in an RNA copy than in DNA copy of nucleotides (103 more than in DNA)
FACT: DNA has a transcription error approximately every 107 nucleotides. RNA has an error approximately every 104 !

18. Differences between RNA and DNA
WHY are there more errors in RNA Transcription?
One of several reasons is that in rare instances Uracil can also bond with Guanine

19. Is this a Bad thing? WHY are there more errors in RNA Transcription?
One of several reasons is that in rare instance Uracil can also bond with Guanine
RNA is a temporary copy in Eukaryotes

20. Types of RNA
mRNA
mRNA= messenger RNA
codes for a protein

21. Types of RNA tRNA tRNA= transfer RNA
central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

22. Types of RNA rRNA rRNA= ribosomal RNA
form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

23. How Do We Get Protiens?

24. Transcription- the synthesis of RNA under DNA (occurs in the nucleus)
Translation- the actual synthesis of a polypeptide coded for by the mRNA.
(changing the base sequence of the mRNA molecule into a chain of amino acids that form a polypeptide. For our purposes a protein.)

25. An mRNA copy is made from DNA in the Nucleus

26. The DNA strand from which the mRNA is copied is the TEMPLATE STRAND

27. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters a ribosome (made up of rRNA)

28. tRNA collects a specific amino acids present in the cell and brings it to the ribosome

29. The anticodon of the tRNA matches up with its counterpart codon on the mRNA

30. When the mRNA & the tRNA link up the amino acid detaches and is connected to the adjacent amino acid

31. This chain of amino acids is a protein (polypeptide)

32. rRNA
Ribosome

33. rRNA
mRNA enters the “A” site of the ribosome

34. rRNA
When the first codon reaches the “P” site the tRNA brings down the amino acid and links up with the mRNA

35. rRNA
The “E” site is where the amino acid separates form the tRNA and links up to adjacent amino acids. This is where the MRNA and tRNA leave the ribosome

37. ANTICODONS tRNA Anticodons specify which amino acid a tRNA collects
The anticodon then pairs up with its corresponding codon
Anticodon

38. ANTICODONS tRNA So for example...
The anticodon AGU would pair with the codon UCA.
THEY ARE OPPOSITES OF EACH OTHER
Anticodon

40. So What's a codon?
Codon
This basic unit of genetic code is 3 nucleotides long
It specifies a specific amino acid
Each codon only specifies 1 amino acid (BUT…an amino acid may have several different codons that code for it)

41. http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://biology. kenyon

42. THE END

43. When DNA copies…..
It copy's in a very specific order. It copies 5’-3’ from a 3’-5’ Template.

44. HUH?!?!

45. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

46. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

47. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

48. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

49. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

50. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

51. Where credit is due