1. PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation
Chapter 11
Schizophrenia
Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition by Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas A&M University
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11

2. Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder involving disturbance of thought, emotion and behavior
The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is about 1%
Onset is usually in late adolescence
Substance abuse is a co-morbid condition in 50% of schizophrenia patients
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.1

3. Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms involve excesses or distortions
Disorganized speech (thought disorder)
Hallucinations are sensory experiences that occur in the absence of environmental stimulation
Hallucinations are commonly auditory
Delusions are beliefs that are contrary to reality
Persecutory delusions are common
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.2

4. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Negative schizophrenia symptoms are characterized by behavioral deficits
Avolition refers to a lack of energy and an inability to persist in routine activities
Alogia refers to a reduction in the amount or content of speech
Anhedonia is an inability to experience pleasure
Asociality refers to a severe impairment in social relationships
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.3

5. DSM-IV Schizophrenia Categories
Disorganized schizophrenia involves
Disorganized speech and flat affect
A general disruption of behavior
Catatonic schizophrenia involves
Prolonged motor immobility states that alternate with periods of excitability
Paranoid schizophrenia involves the presence of prominent delusions including persecution and grandiosity
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.4

6. Etiology of Schizophrenia
Genetic studies using twin, family and adoption techniques reveal that a predisposition for schizophrenia is transmitted genetically
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.5

7. Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia
Relation to Percentage
Proband Schizophrenic
Spouse
Grandchildren
Nieces/nephews
Children
Siblings
DZ twins
MZ twins
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.6

8. Biochemistry of Schizophrenia
Dopamine theory holds that the positive symptoms of schizophrenia result from excessive activity of dopamine in brain
Anti-schizophrenia drugs block dopamine receptors
The anti-schizophrenia drugs take several weeks to act clinically, yet rapidly block dopamine receptors
Ingestion of amphetamine can induce psychosis; amphetamine causes the release of dopamine from neurons
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.7

9. Dopamine Theory of Schizophrenia
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.8

10. Brain Pathology in Schizophrenia
Brains of schizophrenic patients show
Reduced volume of temporal and frontal cortex
Enlarged ventricles (reflecting loss of brain cells)
For 12 of 15 twins, the schizophrenic twin could be identified by enlarged ventricles
Reduced metabolic activity within prefrontal cortex (frontal hypoactivation)
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.9

11. Therapies for Schizophrenia
Psychosurgery is the intentional destruction of brain tissue to alter behavior
Prefrontal lobotomy was used to treat schizophrenia
Drug therapies supplanted psychosurgery
Use of neuroleptic medications to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine was introduced in the US in 1954
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.10

12. Psychological Treatments for Schizophrenia
Social-skills training involves teaching behaviors to interact successfully with others
Family therapy aims to reduced expressed emotion (hostility, overly critical)
Personal therapy aims to reduce expressed emotion, uses relaxation techniques and teaches social skills
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 11.11`

13. Copyright
Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owner.
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e