1. Intro to Chemistry Chapter 1 & 2.4

2. CHEMISTRY Study of matter and its changes

3. Branches of Chemistry Organic – carbon-based chemicals Organic – carbon-based chemicals Inorganic – non-carbon based chemicals Inorganic – non-carbon based chemicals Physical – properties and changes of matter and energy Physical – properties and changes of matter and energy Analytical – component and composition of substances Analytical – component and composition of substances Biochemistry – matter and processes of living things Biochemistry – matter and processes of living things

4. Matter & its Characteristics Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space Mass – measure of the amount of matter (constant) Mass – measure of the amount of matter (constant) Weight – effect of gravity on matter (varies) Weight – effect of gravity on matter (varies)

5. Scientific Method systematic approach used in science Observation Observation –Qualitative data: descriptive (color, shape, odor, etc.) –Quantitative date: tells how much (size, speed, temperature, etc.) Hypothesis – explanation of observations Hypothesis – explanation of observations Experiment – set of controlled observations to test a hypothesis Experiment – set of controlled observations to test a hypothesis

6. –Can test only one variable at a time  Independent/manipulated variable – you control  Dependent/responding variable – you measure  Control – standard for comparison Ex: Hypothesis – Salt dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water. IV? DV? C? –Must be repeated Conclusion – judgment based on data Conclusion – judgment based on data –Hypotheses never proven; only remove doubt –Build model (visualization of data)

7. Theory – explanation supported by many many experiments Theory – explanation supported by many many experiments Scientific Law – conclusion for which no exceptions have been found Scientific Law – conclusion for which no exceptions have been found

8. Representing Data (Graphing) Circle/Pie Graph Circle/Pie Graph –Useful for percentages Bar Graph Bar Graph –Useful for variation w/ time

9. Line Graph Line Graph –Dependent on y –Independent on x –Scale each axis so that all data can fit –Title graph and label axes –Plot points (x, y) –Best-fit line –Slope: Δy/Δx

10. Interpreting Graphs Assume data is continuous if points are connected Assume data is continuous if points are connected Interpolation – reading between data points Interpolation – reading between data points Extrapolation – reading beyond data points Extrapolation – reading beyond data points