1. CHAPTER 16 RESCUE PROCEDURES Copyright© 2000. Delmar is a division of Thomson Learning.

2. CHAPTER 16 Objectives 1 of 2 Recognize the hazards associated with various rescue operations. Describe the difference between primary and secondary searches. Demonstrate the proper procedures for victim drags and carries. Define proper terminology used during motor vehicle extrication operations.

3. CHAPTER 16 Objectives 2 of 2 Demonstrate proper and safe use of vehicle extrication tools and equipment. Explain the various types of specialized rescue situations presented and the hazards associated with them.

4. CHAPTER 16 Introduction Rescues are performed to remove someone from immediate danger or to extricate them. This lesson designed to provide an awareness level of rescue situations. Teamwork and safety are the key points to remember.

5. CHAPTER 16 Hazards Associated with Rescue Operations Every rescue operations has hazards. Tunnel vision is a big hazard. It is easy to get tunnel vision in a complex and lengthy rescue. Tunnel vision can keep rescuers from seeing obvious solutions and impending danger.

6. CHAPTER 16 Search of Burning Structures 1 of 3 One of the most dangerous rescue situations. Training, practicing, and planning best way to reduce danger. Always enter in teams of two or more. Two firefighters in full gear and a charged line should be ready to go in if needed. Known as two-in/two-out rule.

7. CHAPTER 16 Search of Burning Structures 2 of 3 Perform a quick survey of structure and surroundings. Always carry a tool, flashlight, and radio when searching. Single family structures may be searched using wall as reference. Known as “right-handed” or “left-handed” search.

8. CHAPTER 16 Search of Burning Structures 3 of 3 Commercial or industrial structures require use of lifeline or guideline. Two operations to searching a building: Primary search. Secondary search.

9. CHAPTER 16 Search Team

10. CHAPTER 16 Rapid Intervention Team Standing-By

11. CHAPTER 16 Survey Structure Prior to Entering

12. CHAPTER 16 Searching a Residential Occupancy

13. CHAPTER 16 Commercial Occupancies

14. CHAPTER 16 Primary Search First and most dangerous of the two. Search team is often ahead of attack lines. Often above the fire. Rapid, but thorough, search.

15. CHAPTER 16 Secondary Search Conducted after fire is out or well under control. A more thorough search. Areas that still need to be extinguished may be found.

16. CHAPTER 16 Victim Removal, Drags and Carries Victims must be removed carefully and expeditiously. Try and not cause further injury or aggravate existing injury. May not be able to give care due to hazardous or hostile environment.

17. CHAPTER 16 Firefighter’s Carry

18. CHAPTER 16 Extremity Carry

19. CHAPTER 16 Seat Carry

20. CHAPTER 16 Blanket Drag

21. CHAPTER 16 Clothing Drag

22. CHAPTER 16 Webbing Sling Drag

23. CHAPTER 16 Sit and Drag

24. CHAPTER 16 Firefighter’s Drag

25. CHAPTER 16 Rescue of a Firefighter Wearing SCBA

26. CHAPTER 16 Placing a Patient on a Backboard

27. CHAPTER 16 Placing a Patient on an Ambulance Cot

28. CHAPTER 16 Extrication From Motor Vehicle Motor vehicle crashes are common rescue situations. Knowledge, experience, and skill are most valuable tools. Extrication means to free, release, or disentangle a patient from entrapment. Operations at an extrication incident should follow a pre-determined sequence of events.

29. CHAPTER 16 Plan Of Action 1.Scene size up. 2.Vehicle stabilization. 3.Accessing the patient. 4.Disentangling the patient. 5.Removing the patient.

30. CHAPTER 16 Extrication Tools 1 of 3 Range from basic to specialized tools. Hydraulic tools are operated by gasoline engine, motor, or air-driven motor. Spreaders used to push and pull. Cutters used for different tasks. Rams used for pushing. Combination tools spread and cut.

31. CHAPTER 16 Extrication Tools 2 of 3 Air bags come in high-pressure and low/medium- pressure. High-pressure bags operate at a maximum inflation pressure of about 130 psi. Bags come in sizes ranging from 6”x 6” to 36”x 36”. Low/medium-pressure bags can lift very heavy loads.

32. CHAPTER 16 Extrication Tools 3 of 3 Air chisels are valuable tools for rescue operations. Reciprocating saws are also gaining popularity.

33. CHAPTER 16 Gasoline Engines

34. CHAPTER 16 Spreaders and Cutters

35. CHAPTER 16 Rams and Combination Tools

36. CHAPTER 16 High-Pressure Air Bags

37. CHAPTER 16 Low-Pressure Air Bags

38. CHAPTER 16 Air Chisel and Reciprocating Saw

39. CHAPTER 16 Crash Scene Assessment Number and types of vehicles involved. Number and apparent extent of injuries. Traffic and non-traffic hazards. Disentanglement requirements. Support needs.

40. CHAPTER 16 Additional Resources Additional ambulances. Specialized extrication equipment. Additional law enforcement. Specialized technical rescue equipment.

41. CHAPTER 16 Specialized Rescue Situations and Tools There are a variety of other rescues a firefighter may be sent on. Specialized training beyond this course is needed. This is designed as a familiarization.

42. CHAPTER 16 Vertical Rescue NFPA 1983 deals with rope safety. Rescuers must be well- trained. All should be familiar with equipment and techniques.

43. CHAPTER 16 Water Rescue Very dangerous operations. All rescuers should wear PFD around water. Do not attempt rescue if not trained.

44. CHAPTER 16 Structural Collapse Rescue Pancake collapse. Lean-to collapse. V-type collapse.

45. CHAPTER 16 Trench and Below-Grade Rescue Most occur at construction, utilities, maintenance or well digging sites. Asphyxiation is a major concern. Team work is essential.

46. CHAPTER 16 Confined Space Rescue Come in many different forms. Oxygen deficient atmosphere is major concern. Space must be constantly monitored. Proper PPE and equipment must be used. Back-up crew must always be ready.

47. CHAPTER 16 Other Rescue Situations Rescue from electrical situations. Industrial entrapment rescue. Elevator and escalator rescue. Farm equipment rescue.

48. CHAPTER 16 WRAP-UP Address common rescue situations you may have to deal with. Specialized training is required. Goal was to present broad spectrum of situations and some concepts to deal with them. Never attempt a complex rescue without proper training.