2.  A. Natural Selection is only one part of the theory of evolution.  B. Theory explain natural phenomena based on observations  C. Evolution states that all organisms on Earth have descended from a common ancestor

3.  A. Fossil Record  1. Record of species that lived long ago  2. Ancient species are similar to current ones  3. Some species have remained unchanged for millions of years

4.  B. Anatomy– physical bodies of current and extinct species may show relationships  1. Homologous structures – Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor

5.  2. Analogous Structures- Can be used for a similar purpose but ARE NOT evidence of evolution.  a. Similar traits can evolve independently  b. bird wings and insect wings

6.  3. Vestigial Structures– structures that are the reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms

7.  C. Comparative Embryology  1. An embryo is an early pre-birth stage of an organisms development  2. Many vertebrates have similar stages while in the womb  A. Pharyngeal pouches – we have “gills”  guess embryo interactive guess embryo interactive

8.  D. Comparative Biochemistry  1. Similar features in DNA, RNA, amino acids  2. The more similar the features the more closely related.

9.  E. Geographic Distribution  1. Species are more closely related to species close to them geographically  2. Created field of biogeography–  study of the distribution of plants and animals on earth

10.  A. Adaptations  Inherited traits  Increase FITNESS  Fitness = traits which lead to greater survival and/or reproduction B. Non-adaptations Not all features are adaptations

11.  1. Camouflage– allows species to blend with their environment  2.Mimicry- one species evolves to resemble another one  3. Antimicrobial resistance—  Bacteria have adapted to be resistant to antibiotics