2. TaK – Politics

3. “If you're not a liberal at twenty you have no heart, if you're not a conservative at forty you have no brain.” Winston Churchill What does he mean?

4. TaK – Politics Political Action Amnesty International calls for an end to human rights abuses in a particular country The government increases income tax to fund an expansion in education The United Nations condemns armed aggression by one country against another Teachers go on strike for more pay The unemployed stage a demonstration in the capital to protest against their plight

5. TaK – Politics Some students would like free education; some Universities would like to charge … Why?

6. TaK – Politics Politics: The processes by which different groups pursue their interests The means by which societies regulate conflicts between the groups (often called ‘government’)

7. TaK – Politics Politics and ToK We are not looking at what we should think about politics, but how we should think about politics ________________ The roles of Reason, Language, Sense Perception and Emotion and the connection to Ethics

8. TaK – Politics

9. Sometimes political debate can look like this Why?

10. TaK – Politics Politics: The Art of the Possible

11. TaK – Politics Politics is a branch of Sociology It has two aspects: The Descriptive – collecting facts, making models and predictions (as in all human sciences) The Normative* – deciding how society should work: how to apply moral principles to group decision making; the extent to which we have the right or duty to force some groups to do things against their will *Normative: of, relating to, or determining norms or standards

12. TaK – Politics Protest

13. TaK – Politics Debate

14. TaK – Politics Persuasion

15. TaK – Politics Propaganda What characterises Propaganda?

16. TaK – Politics

20. What are the forces that bind societies together? What are the forces that tear them apart?

21. TaK – Politics Everybody wants to retain the best of the past and everyone wants a fair society Debate begins when we acknowledge there is a problem deciding what ‘best’ and ‘fair’ mean, and how to go about achieving these ideals

22. TaK – Politics Why do we need government? What would we be like without government?

23. TaK – Politics The Hobbesian Social Contract We give up certain things to the state in return for specified benefits The Lockean Social Contract The people submit to the government in return for the protection of their innate inalienable human rights

24. TaK – Politics What are the options?

25. TaK – Politics How would you feel if RCN were to become a fully-functioning direct democracy? All teachers, students and support staff would have one vote, and all major decisions would be taken on the basis of a vote. Would this result in a better school?

26. TaK – Politics How much should governments do? Should they be able to… tell citizens how to behave? tell citizens where they can, and cannot, go? tell citizens how fast they can drive? tell citizens what they can say? tell citizens what they can wear?

27. TaK – Politics How much should governments do? Historically, and in some parts of the world today, people resist the imposition of rules they do not like, or do not feel are just, and try to overthrow a government and replace it with one that is ‘better’… But how do they know what is ‘better’?

28. TaK – Politics Designing the perfect society… A group of people is about to arrive at an uninhabited island They are to form a society and set up a government We can decide for them all the details of their society: the forms of government the laws the economic structure etc You are going to live in this society, but you have no idea of the role you will have – maybe President, maybe homeless… What kind of society and government should they have? How do we decide what is fair?